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Nanoscience in Food and Agriculture 1 pp 129–150Cite as

Nanosensors for the Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria

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Part of the book series: Sustainable Agriculture Reviews ((SARV,volume 20))

Abstract

The consumption of microbiologically unsafe water poses major health threats and leads to several diseases like diarrhea, typhoid and cholera. Hence, the management of water quality is a growing need for public health and environment in the developing world. Existing methods for pathogen detection face challenges of inadequate monitoring in terms of specificity, rapidity and simplicity. Molecular methods including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its advanced version real-time PCR can detect pathogens at low levels. However, the requirement of sophisticated instrumentation and trained personnel makes these methods less applicable to field situations. The detection of target pathogens needs improvements to overcome existing drawbacks and should be based on simple, rapid, sensitive and specific methodologies.

Here, nanotechnology provides solutions such as biodiagnostics, where nanoparticle-based assays allow to specifically detect bioanalytes of clinical interest. Gold nanoparticles are promising materials because they have unique optical properties and high surface areas. Nanobiosensors are specific molecular-recognition probes that target an analyte, then convert that recognition into a measurable signal. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that can fold into three-dimensional conformations. Aptamers have the unique property of binding specifically to a target molecule. As molecular recognition probes, aptamers in conjugation with gold nanoparticles have binding affinities and specificities that are can be explored to capture and identify specific pathogens. This chapter reviews practical applications of aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for the detection of pathogenic bacteria.

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Acknowledgement

We wish to express our sincere acknowledgement to Dr. Ashok Kumar Chauhan, President, RBEF parent organization of Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Dr. Aseem Chauhan, Additional President, RBEF and chairman of AUMP; Lt. Gen. V.K. Sharma, AVSM (Retd.), Vice Chancellor of AUMP, Gwalior, for providing their valuable support, necessary facilities and encouragement throughout.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, MP, India

    Anurag Jyoti & Rajesh Singh Tomar

  2. Institute of Life Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

    Rishi Shanker

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  1. Anurag Jyoti
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  2. Rajesh Singh Tomar
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Correspondence to Anurag Jyoti .

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  1. Nano-food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Shivendu Ranjan

  2. Nano-food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Industrial Biotechnology Division, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Nandita Dasgupta

  3. INRA , Dijon, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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Jyoti, A., Tomar, R.S., Shanker, R. (2016). Nanosensors for the Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria. In: Ranjan, S., Dasgupta, N., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Nanoscience in Food and Agriculture 1. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, vol 20. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39303-2_5

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