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Resource Management in Sustainable Green HetNets with Renewable Energy Sources

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5G Mobile Communications

Abstract

Green energy has become a promising alternative energy source for powering wireless cellular networks by effectively reducing the network operational expenditure (OPEX) and carbon footprints. However, green energy sources such as solar and wind are harvested from the environment and their availability and capacity are by nature unstable, which poses great challenges to achieve sustainable network operation. In this chapter, we study the energy sustainable performance of a green HetNet where the small cell base stations (SBSs) are powered by green energy sources. Specifically, we first develop an analytical framework to study the energy sustainability of each SBS. The energy buffer at each SBS is modeled as a G/G/1 queue with arbitrary patterns of energy charging and discharging. We apply the diffusion approximation to analyze the transient evolution of the energy buffer, and derive the probability distribution of the queue length and the energy depletion time for a given initial energy level. Based on the energy sustainability analysis, we propose a distributed admission control strategy at SBSs striking a balance between high resource utilization and energy sustainability in the green HetNet. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the analytical framework and evaluate the sustainability performance of the green HetNets using the proposed distributed admission control scheme. The simulation results demonstrate that relaxing the admission control criteria for the SBSs can improve the resource utilization (i.e, power and spectrum) of the system when the energy is abundant, but can significantly degrade the resource utilization instead when the energy comes short due to poor sustainability performance (i.e., frequent depletion of the SBSs).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For the MBS, renewable energy source is the first choice. The electricity grid provides supplemental energy source to guarantee the power supply of the MBS at all times.

  2. 2.

    FCC opened 100 MHz spectrum in 5 GHz band for unlicensed use in 2014, and plans to open an additional 195 MHz spectrum in the near future. The abundant unlicensed spectrum band provides great potential for cellular operators to deploy high density small cells that operates in unlicensed 5 GHz band.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, K2B8E3

    Ran Zhang, Miao Wang, Xuemin (Sherman) Shen & Liang-Liang Xie

  2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA, 60616-3793

    Lin X. Cai & Yu Cheng

Authors
  1. Ran Zhang
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  2. Miao Wang
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  3. Lin X. Cai
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  4. Yu Cheng
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  5. Xuemin (Sherman) Shen
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  6. Liang-Liang Xie
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Correspondence to Ran Zhang .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia

    Wei Xiang

  2. Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China

    Kan Zheng

  3. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

    Xuemin (Sherman) Shen

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Zhang, R., Wang, M., Cai, L.X., Cheng, Y., Shen, X.(., Xie, LL. (2017). Resource Management in Sustainable Green HetNets with Renewable Energy Sources. In: Xiang, W., Zheng, K., Shen, X. (eds) 5G Mobile Communications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34208-5_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34208-5_19

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-34208-5

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