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Ethnoprimatology pp 315–349Cite as

Predicting Future Effects of Multiple Drivers of Extinction Risk in Peru’s Endemic Primate Fauna

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Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

Abstract

Multiple anthropogenic drivers of extinction risk in primates are increasing. The expansion of urban areas, road networks, and agricultural frontiers are threatening primates through habitat loss, fragmentation, and increased incidences of hunting. Man-made climate change is affecting habitat quality and availability, particularly in rare ecosystems. Three of Peru’s endemic primate species, the yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda), the San Martin titi monkey (Plecturocebus oenanthe Sensu, Byrne H, Rylands AB, Carneiro JC, Alfaro JWL, Bertuol F, da Silva MNF, Messias M et al. (2016) Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence. Frontiers in Zoology 13:1–26) and the Peruvian night monkey (Aotus miconax), have naturally restricted distributions in the foothills of the country’s northeastern Andes. Montane forest habitat in this area not only suffers from the highest rates of deforestation in the country but is also predicted to be among the most at risk areas from the effects of man-made climate change. Using data from extensive published and unpublished field surveys, this study modeled the species’ historical, current, and future distributions. To best estimate the effects of multiple drivers of extinction risk, I used models of future climate change scenarios coupled with predications of expanding human settlement and hunting over multiple timescales. Results of these models predict a reduction in niche availability for A. miconax and L. flavicauda and an increase in niche availability for P. oenanthe. In all cases predicted habitat loss was less than in previous studies. However, when taking into account anthropogenic disturbance, habitat loss is much more severe. I suggest that predictive modeling is a useful tool for conservation, but should always use the most up-to-date data and results should be interpreted with caution based on expert knowledge of the species and area. Future climate change is predicted to increase threats to many species but deforestation and hunting will remain the major threats for many primates.

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Acknowledgements

I wish to thank Noga Shanee, Nestor Allgas, Alejandra Zamora, and everyone at Neotropical Primate Conservation for their help in preparing this study. Also Noe Rojas, Ana Peralta, and Fernando Guerra for their help in the field as well as Julio Tello, Antonio Boveda, and Jan Vermeer from Proyecto Mono Tocon, for their previous field studies without which modeling would not have been possible. Data used for this work was gathered, thanks to funding from Neotropical Primate Conservation and from Community Conservation, Primate Conservation Inc, Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation, National Geographic Society, International Primate Protection League, Primate Society of Great Britain, and American Society of Primatologists.

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  1. Neotropical Primate Conservation, 23 Portland Road, Manchester, M32 0PH, UK

    Sam Shanee M.Sc., Ph.D.

  2. Asociación Neotropical Primate Conservation Perú, 1187 Avenida Belaunde, La Esperanza, Amazonas, Peru

    Sam Shanee M.Sc., Ph.D.

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  1. Sam Shanee M.Sc., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Sam Shanee M.Sc., Ph.D. .

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  1. Anthropology, University of Oregon, Bend, Oregon, USA

    Michel T. Waller

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Shanee, S. (2016). Predicting Future Effects of Multiple Drivers of Extinction Risk in Peru’s Endemic Primate Fauna. In: Waller, M. (eds) Ethnoprimatology. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30469-4_18

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