Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Intelligent Transportation Systems pp 81–105Cite as

STDMA-based Scheduling Algorithm for Infrastructured Vehicular Networks

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Studies in Systems, Decision and Control ((SSDC,volume 52))

Abstract

A huge research effort has been devoted to the transportation sector in order to make it safer and more efficient, leading to the development of the so-called Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In ITS there is a closed loop interaction between vehicles, drivers and the transportation infrastructure, supported by dedicated networks, usually referred to as vehicular networks. While some of the enabling technologies are entering their mature phase, the communication protocols proposed so far aren’t able to fulfill the timeliness contraints of many ITS services, specially in road congestion scenarios. In order to tackle this issue, several medium access protocols (MAC), either relying on infrastructure or based on direct ad-hoc communication, have been designed. A great number of these protocols employ Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) techniques to manage communications and attain some degree of determinism. Although the use of spatial reuse algorithms for TDMA protocols (STDMA) has been extensively studied as to increase the efficiency of standard ad-hoc and mesh networks, ITS networks exhibit a combination of features and requirements that are unique and aren’t addressed by these algorithms. This chapter (This chapter is an extended work of [21]) discusses some of the most relevant challenges in providing deterministic real-time communications in ITS vehicular networks as well as the efforts that are being taken to tackle them. Focus on TDMA infrastructure-based protocols and on the challenges of employing spatial reuse methods in vehicular environments is placed. A novel wireless vehicular communication architecture called V-FTT, which aims at providing deterministic communications in vehicular networks, is also presented. The chapter concludes with the design of a traffic scheduling analysis, a STDMA slot assignment algorithm and a Matlab simulator for V-FTT.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. ICSI FP7 317671. Design and performance evaluation of a real-time MAC for IEEE 802.11p—D3.1.1: Fundamental Design Decisions of the Deterministic MAC Protocol. http://www.ict-icsi.eu/deliverables.html, online, as in June 20 2014 (2013)

  2. L. Almeida, P. Pedreiras, J.A.G. Fonseca, The FTT-CAN protocol: why and how. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 49(6), 1189–1201 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. K. Bilstrup, et al., Evaluation of the IEEE 802.11p MAC method for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. Böhm, M. Jonsson, Handover in IEEE 802.11p-based delaysensitive vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. Technical Report IDE—0924. Halmstad University, Embedded Systems (CERES), (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  5. A. Böhm, M. Jonsson, Real-time communication support for cooperative, infrastructure-based traffic safety applications. Int. J. Veh. Technol. (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  6. R. Bossom et al., Deliverable D31 European ITS Communication Architecture—Overall Framework (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  7. G. Brar, D.M. Blough, P. Santi, Computationally efficient scheduling with the physical interference model for throughput improvement in wireless mesh networks, in Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking. September 2006

    Google Scholar 

  8. M.H. Chaudhary, B. Scheers, High spatial-reuse distributed slot assignment protocol for wireless ad hoc networks, in Military Communications and Information Systems Conference (MCC’2012). (October 2012), pp. 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  9. W. Chen, C.-T. Lea, A node-based time slot assignment algorithm for STDMA wireless mesh networks. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 62, 272–283 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. NS-3 Consortium. NS-3 Simulator. http://www.nsnam.org/

  11. ETSI, ETSI TR 102 638 V1.1.1: Basic Set of Applications—Definitions (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  12. ETSI, Final draft ETSI ES 202 663 V1.1.0: Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) : European profile standard for the physical and medium access control layer of Intelligent Transport Systems operating in the 5GHz frequency band. November 2011

    Google Scholar 

  13. ETSI, Technical Specification 102 637-2: Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set of Applications; Part 2: Specification of Cooperative Awareness Basic Service, v.1.2.1. March 2011

    Google Scholar 

  14. S. Even et al., On the np-completeness of certain network testing problems. Networks 14, 1–24 (1984)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. N. Funabikiy, Y. Takefuji, A parallel algorithm for broadcast scheduling problems in packet radio networks. IEEE Trans. Commun. 41(6), 828–831 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A.D. Gore, S. Jagabathula, A. Karandikar, On high spatial reuse link scheduling in STDMA wireless ad hoc networks, in IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM’07). December 2007

    Google Scholar 

  17. W. Guo et al., An adaptive collision-free mac protocol based on TDMA for inter-vehicular communication, in International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP) (June 2012), pp. 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  18. W. Guo et al., R-mac: Risk-aware dynamic mac protocol for vehicular cooperative collision avoidance system.Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw. (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  19. M. Hadded et al., TDMA-based MAC protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks: a survey, qualitative analysis and open research issues. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  20. IEEE, IEEE Standard for Information Technology: Telecommunications and information exchange between systems. Local and metropolitan area networks: Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  21. S. Khan, P. Pedreiras, J. Ferreira, Improved real-time communication infrastructure for ITS. Simpósio de Informática INFORUM (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  22. C.L. Liu, J.W. Layland, Scheduling algorithms for multiprogramming in a hard-real-time environment. J. Assoc. Comput. Mach, 20(1) (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  23. T.K. Mak, K.P. Laberteaux, R. Sengupta, A Multi-channel VANET providing concurrent safety and commercial services, in Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, pp. 1–9 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  24. T. Meireles, J. Fonseca, J. Ferreira, The Case For Wireless Vehicular Communications Supported by Roadside Infrastructure, Intelligent Transportation Systems Technologies and Applications (Wiley, 2014)

    Google Scholar 

  25. V. Milanes et al., An intelligent V2I-based traffic management system. IEEE Trans. Intell. Trans. Syst. 13(1), 49–58 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. R. Nelson, L. Kleinrock, Spatial TDMA: a collision-free multihop channel access protocol. IEEE Trans. Commun. 33(9), 934–944 (1985)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Open Simulation Platform For Intelligent Transport System (ITS) Services. http://www.ict-itetris.eu/index.html

  28. M. Picone et al., Advanced Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (Springer International Publishing, 2015)

    Google Scholar 

  29. L.C. Pond, V.O.K. Li, A distributed time-slot assignment protocol for mobile multi-hop broadcast packet radio networks. in IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM’89).vol. 1. (October 1989) pp. 70–74

    Google Scholar 

  30. S. Ramanathan, E.L. Lloyd, Scheduling algorithms for multihop radio networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 1(2), 166–177 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. S. Ramanathan, Scheduling Algorithms for Multihop Radio Networks. Ph.D. thesis. Faculty of the University of Delaware, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  32. Y. Tang, M. Brandt-Pearce, Link allocation, routing, and scheduling for hybrid FSO/RF wireless mesh networks. IEEE/OSA J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 6(1), 86–95 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Institute of Transportation Systems. SUMO—Simulation of Urban MObility. http://sumo-sim.org/

  34. A.N. Vegni, T.D.C. Little, Hybrid vehicular communications based on V2V-V2I protocol switching. Int. J. Veh. Inf. Commun. Syst. 2, 213–231 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  35. P. Verissimo, Uncertainty and Predictability: Can they be Reconciled? (Springer, Berlin, 2003), p. 2584

    Google Scholar 

  36. D. Yang et al., A simple greedy algorithm for link scheduling with the physical interference model, in Global Telecommunications Conference, 2009. GLOBECOM 2009. IEEE. November 2009, pp. 1–6

    Google Scholar 

  37. H. Yu, Z. He, K. Niu, STDMA for Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication in a highway scenario, in IEEE 5th International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications (MAPE 2013), pp. 133–138

    Google Scholar 

  38. R. Zhang et al., A novel centralized tdma-based scheduling protocol for vehicular networks, in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, (August 2014), pp. 1–6

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) under grant agreement n. 3176711 and by BRISA, under research contract with Instituto de Telecomunicações - Aveiro.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Telecomunicações, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal

    Luis Silva, Paulo Pedreiras & Muhammad Alam

  2. Instituto de Telecomunicações, ESTGA-Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    Joaquim Ferreira

Authors
  1. Luis Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Paulo Pedreiras
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Muhammad Alam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Joaquim Ferreira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luis Silva .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Telecomunicações, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal

    Muhammad Alam

  2. Campus Universitário de Santiago, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal

    Joaquim Ferreira

  3. Campus Universitário de Santiago, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal

    José Fonseca

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Silva, L., Pedreiras, P., Alam, M., Ferreira, J. (2016). STDMA-based Scheduling Algorithm for Infrastructured Vehicular Networks. In: Alam, M., Ferreira, J., Fonseca, J. (eds) Intelligent Transportation Systems. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 52. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28183-4_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28183-4_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28181-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28183-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation