Abstract
Cities are complex, adaptive, social–ecological systems (SES) “characterized by a particular human settlement pattern that associates with its functional or administrative region, a critical mass and density of people, man-made structures and activities” (UNEP 2011).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Levin and Harvey (1999), Berkes et al. (2003), Gunderson and Holling (2001), Norberg and Cumming (2008), Evans (2008).
- 2.
Rapaport (2014).
- 3.
Register: Ecocity Berkeley: Building Cities for a Healthy Future (1987).
- 4.
Rapaport (2014), Jabareen (2006).
- 5.
James, Paul; with Magee, Liam; Scerri, Andy; Steger, Manfred B (2015). Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability. London: Routledge.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
- 9.
http://sfenvironment.org/zero-waste/overview/zero-waste-by-2020.
- 10.
- 11.
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.
- 15.
- 16.
- 17.
Ogorkiewicz and Falconer (2013).
- 18.
Evans (2008), p.3; based on Adger (2006), Neil Adger, Arnell, and Tompkins (2005).
References
Adger WN (2006) Vulnerability. Glob Environ Chang 16(3):268–281
Beatley, T. (2011). Biophilic cities: Integrating nature into urban design and planning. Washington, DC: Island Press. http://biophiliccities.org/
Berkes F, Colding J, Folke C (2003) Navigating social-ecological systems: building resilience for complexity and change. Cambridge University Press. http://books.google.de/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Y5FnAq9kjxgC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=Berkes,+F.,+J.+Colding,+and+C.+Folke,+editors.+2003.+Navigating+social%E2%80%93ecological+systems:+building+resilience+for+complexity+and+change.&ots=-s94bblE5U&sig=vYRMZtAcIRMne4oJmIJbPBzRXk8
Evans G (2008) Transformation from ‘Carbon Valley’ to a ‘Post-Carbon Society’ in a climate change hot spot: the coalfields of the Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. Ecol Soc 13(1):39
Gunderson LH, Holling CS (2001) Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Island Press. http://books.google.de/books?hl=en&lr=&id=o4u89akUhJMC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Gunderson,+L.+H.,+and+C.+S.+Holling,+editors.+2002.+Panarchy:+understanding+transformations+in+human+and+natural+systems&ots=ec8AarlOXI&sig=M2yXwOisrMQmbBU-H1k53yWQWgU
Jabareen YR (2006) Sustainable urban forms their typologies, models, and concepts. J Plan Educ Res 26(1):38–52
James P, Magee L, Scerri A, Steger MB (2015) Urban sustainability in theory and practice: circles of sustainability. Routledge, London
Kenworthy JR (2006) The eco-city: ten key transport and planning dimensions for sustainable city development. Environ Urban 18(1):67–85
Levin SA, Harvey JA (1999) Fragile dominion: complexity and the commons. Perseus, Reading, http://osyka.pixub.com/data/fragile-dominion-complexity-and-the-commons-by-simon-leviin.pdf
Norberg J, Cumming G (2008) Complexity theory for a sustainable future. Columbia University Press, New York
Ogorkiewicz AM, Falconer G (2013) Smart Cities Stakeholder Platform: Finance Working Group – guidance document integrated action plan – report process & guidelines for smart cities. http://eu-smartcities.eu/sites/all/files/Integrated%20Action%20Plan.pdf
POCACITO. http://pocacito.eu/
Rapoport E (2014) Utopian visions and real estate dreams: the eco-city past, present and future. Geogr Compass 8(2):137–149. doi:10.1111/gec3.12113
Register R (1987) Ecocity Berkeley: building cities for a healthy future. North Atlantic Books. http://books.google.de/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QYE-Q8MAF3MC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=Register,+R.+(1987).+Ecocity+Berkeley.+Berkeley,+CA:+North+Atlantic+Books&ots=HsmssJ5wQh&sig=YdggnebXNwgVuPlGAA5mPQf6zU
Register, R. (2006). Ecocities rebuilding cities in balance with nature (Rev. ed.). Gabriola, B.C.: New Society
UNEP (2011) Cities: investing in energy and resource efficiency. http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/Portals/88/documents/ger/GER_12_Cities.pdf
UNEP (2011) Towards a green economy: pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication – a synthesis for policy makers. www.unep.org/greeneconomy
ZEUS 2020 (Zero Emission Urban Study): final report, the ZEUS Consortium. Blue Globe Report, Studie 27/2011. editor: Klima- und Energiefonds, Vienna, 2011
http://www.cnet.com/news/san-francisco-introduces-free-solar-powered-electric-vehicle-charging/
http://www.climateactionprogramme.org/climate-leader-papers/urban_ecology_in_oslo
http://www.ecomagination.com/top-five-most-sustainable-cities-in-the-world
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kaltenegger, I., Santiago Fink, H. (2016). Vision of Cities: From the Green City to the Smart City. In: Integration of Nature and Technology for Smart Cities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25715-0_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25715-0_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25713-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-25715-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)