Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 8 pp 45–50Cite as

Development of a Specimen for In-Situ Diffraction Planar Biaxial Experiments

  • Conference paper

Abstract

In this paper, the design of cruciform shaped, planar biaxial loading specimens using finite element analysis, mechanical testing, and digital image correlation is discussed. The specimens were designed to be capable of arbitrary combinations of tension and compression loading. Digital image correlation results from uniaxial tension tests of first-generation specimen infer key design attributes of second-generation specimen. Finite element results are compared with a plane stress analytical formulation and differences between the two are attributed to stress concentration fields originating at the intersection of specimen arms. These results motivate a parametric finite element geometry optimization of second-generation specimen.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

E :

Young’s modulus

ε 11 :

Strain in the 11 direction

ε 22 :

Strain in the 22 direction

λ a :

Ratio of 11–22 direction applied surface tractions

λ ga :

Analytical formulation ratio of 11–22 direction gage stresses

λ gs :

FEA simulation ratio of 11–22 direction gage stresses

ν :

Poisson’s ratio

σ 11 :

Stress in the 11 direction

σ 11a :

Applied surface traction in the 11 direction

σ 11ga :

Analytical formulation gage stress in the 11 direction

σ 11gs :

FEA simulation gage stress in the 11 direction

σ 22 :

Stress in the 22 direction

σ 22a :

Applied surface traction in the 22 direction

σ 22ga :

Analytical formulation gage stress in the 22 direction

σ 22gs :

FEA simulation gage stress in the 22 direction

References

  1. Metallic materials—sheet and strip—biaxial tensile testing method using a cruciform test piece, ISO 16842:2014

    Google Scholar 

  2. Abu-Farha, F., Hector Jr., L.G., Khraisheh, M.: Cruciform-shaped specimens for elevated temperature biaxial testing of lightweight materials. JOM 61(8), 48–56 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Demmerle, S., Boehler, J.P.: Optimal design of biaxial tensile cruciform specimens. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 41(1), 143–181 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hanabusa, Y., Takizawa, H., Kuwabara, T.: Numerical verification of a biaxial tensile test method using a cruciform specimen. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 213(6), 961–970 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hu, J.-J., Chen, G.-W., Liu, Y.-C., Hsu, S.-S.: Influence of specimen geometry on the estimation of the planar biaxial mechanical properties of cruciform specimens. Exp. Mech. 54(4), 615–631 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Kuwabara, T., Kuroda, M., Tvergaard, V., Nomura, K.: Use of abrupt strain path change for determining subsequent yield surface: experimental study with metal sheets. Acta Mater. 48(9), 2071–2079 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Makinde, A., Thibodeau, L., Neale, K.W.: Development of an apparatus for biaxial testing using cruciform specimens. Exp. Mech. 32(2), 138–144 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Makris, A., Vandenbergh, T., Ramault, C., Van Hemelrijck, D., Lamkanfi, E., Van Paepegem, W.: Shape optimisation of a biaxially loaded cruciform specimen. Polym. Test. 29(2), 216–223 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Shiratori, E., Ikegami, K.: Experimental study of the subsequent yield surface by using cross-shaped specimens. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 16(6), 373–394 (1968)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Tiernan, P., Hannon, A.: Design optimisation of biaxial tensile test specimen using finite element analysis. Int. J. Mater. Form. 7(1), 117–123 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yu, Y., Wan, M., Wu, X.-D., Zhou, X.-B.: Design of a cruciform biaxial tensile specimen for limit strain analysis by FEM. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 123(1), 67–70 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Problem FAC-2. http://www.afgrow.net [Online]. http://www.afgrow.net/applications/DTDHandbook/Examples/page1_1.aspx. Accessed 2 Mar 2015

  13. Williams, M.L.: On the stress distribution at the base of a stationary crack. J. Appl. Mech. 24, 111–114 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Irwin, G.R.: Analysis of stresses and strains near the end of a crack transversing a plate. J. Appl. Mech. 24, 361–364 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Sanford, R.J.: A critical re-examination of the westergaard method for solving opening-mode crack problems. Mech. Res. Commun. 6(5), 289–294 (1979)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Barber, J.R.: Plane strain and plane stress. In: Barber, J.R. (ed.) Elasticity, 3rd edn, pp. 40–41. Springer, New York (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Brown Hall W350, 1610 Illinois Street, Golden, CO, 80401, USA

    G. M. Hommer & A. P. Stebner

Authors
  1. G. M. Hommer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. P. Stebner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. M. Hommer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Engineering department, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA

    Allison M. Beese

  2. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Alan T. Zehnder

  3. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Shuman Xia

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Hommer, G.M., Stebner, A.P. (2016). Development of a Specimen for In-Situ Diffraction Planar Biaxial Experiments. In: Beese, A., Zehnder, A., Xia, S. (eds) Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution, Volume 8. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21611-9_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21611-9_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21610-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21611-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation