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Management of Pericardial Disease pp 11–26Cite as

Etiologies of Pericardial Diseases

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Abstract

There is a wide spectrum of conditions that affect the pericardium, including congenital defects and cysts, infectious, immune-mediated, metabolic, traumatic, neoplastic and drug-related causes [1] (Table 2.1). Most of these disorders result from an extrapericardial process (e.g., viral infections, uremia, chest radiation therapy), whereas a minority are isolated to the pericardium itself (e.g., cysts). Pathologically, the two most common disease processes are pericarditis (i.e., inflammation) and pericardial effusion. A less frequent development is pericardial constriction, a consequence of inflammatory insults that results in thickening, fibrosis and calcification [2]. Clinically, the presentation of pericardial disease is primarily determined by the degree and chronicity of the inflammatory process, the rate and amount of effusion accumulation, and the degree of any pericardial thickening and fibrosis. The etiology of most cases of acute pericarditis is deemed “idiopathic” as no specific diagnosis is actively sought [3, 4]. The majority of such episodes are believed to be of viral origin.

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Acknowledgement

We appreciate the dedicated help and suggestions of Dr. Michael J. Landzberg, medical director of the Boston adult congenital heart group, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension group, Boston Children’s Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Dan G. Halpern MD

  2. Cardiology Department, St. Luke’s Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA

    Vikram Agarwal MD, MPH

  3. Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Leonard S. Lilly MD

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  1. Dan G. Halpern MD
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  2. Vikram Agarwal MD, MPH
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  3. Leonard S. Lilly MD
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Correspondence to Dan G. Halpern MD .

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  1. Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA

    Eyal Herzog

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Halpern, D.G., Agarwal, V., Lilly, L.S. (2014). Etiologies of Pericardial Diseases. In: Herzog, E. (eds) Management of Pericardial Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06124-5_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06124-5_2

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