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The Physics of Galaxy Formation pp 113–165Cite as

Predictions for the CO Emission of Galaxies from a Coupled Simulation of Galaxy Formation and Photon Dominated Regions

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Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

Abstract

In this Chapter, I present a hybrid model which combines the galaxy formation model GALFORM with the Photon Dominated Region code UCL \(_{-}\) PDR to study the emission from the rotational transitions of \(^{12}\mathrm{CO}\) (CO) in galaxies from \(z=0\) to \(z=6\). From the predicted H\(_2\) mass and the conditions in the interstellar medium, the CO emission in the rotational transitions 1-0 to 10-9 is estimated by applying the UCL \(_{-}\) PDR model to each galaxy. Deviations from the Milky-Way CO-H\(_2\) conversion factor come mainly from variations in metallicity, and in the average gas and star formation rate surface densities. In the local universe, the model predicts a CO\((\mathrm{{1}-{0}})\) luminosity function, CO-to-total infrared (IR) luminosity ratios for multiple CO lines and a CO spectral line energy distribution (SLED) which are in good agreement with observations of luminous and ultra-luminous IR galaxies. At high redshifts, the predicted CO SLED of the brightest IR galaxies reproduces the shape and normalisation of the observed CO SLED. The model predicts little evolution in the CO-to-IR luminosity ratio for different CO transitions, in good agreement with observations up to \(z\approx 5\). This new hybrid model is used to explore the potential of using colour selected samples of high-redshift star-forming galaxies to characterise the evolution of the cold gas mass in galaxies through observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.almaobservatory.org/

  2. 2.

    http://www.lmtgtm.org/

  3. 3.

    http://www.iram-institute.org/EN

  4. 4.

    Specifically, we use the ALMA OST software developed by the ALMA regional centre in the UK, http://almaost.jb.man.ac.uk/.

  5. 5.

    Integration times were calculated using the ALMA sensitivity calculator https://almascience.nrao.edu/call-for-proposals/ sensitivity-calculator.

  6. 6.

    The beam corresponds to the FWHM of a two-dimensional gaussian fitted to the central lobe of the Point Spread Function.

  7. 7.

    The ALMA basic specifications are described in https://almascience.nrao.edu/about-alma/full-alma.

  8. 8.

    http://www.ska.ac.za/meerkat/

  9. 9.

    http://www.skatelescope.org/

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  1. Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, UK

    Claudia Del P. Lagos

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Lagos, C.D.P. (2014). Predictions for the CO Emission of Galaxies from a Coupled Simulation of Galaxy Formation and Photon Dominated Regions. In: The Physics of Galaxy Formation. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01526-2_5

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