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Epidemiology of Human Congenital Malformations pp 49–72Cite as

Cardiovascular Defects

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Abstract

Cardiovascular defects are the most common malformation category (n=13155). Among them 1541 children had a major cardiovascular malformation, among the rest 362 had a cardiac valve stenosis, 558 had a coarctation of the aorta, and 7308 a septum defect, 660 term children had a patent ductus, and 887 had an unspecified cardiac defect. A large number of risk factors were identified. There was a U-formed maternal age dependency of any cardiovascular defect and a similar parity relation. Maternal smoking did not increase the risk but maternal overweight and obesity did. Also a period of unwanted childlessness and previous miscarriages was associated with an increased risk. Maternal pre-existing diabetes was a strong risk factor and an association with maternal drug use was seen: aminosalicylic acid drugs, antihypertensives, ovarian stimulation, thyroid hormone, antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and antiasthmatics. In analyses of specific cardiovascular groups, further associations were found: immunosuppressives, antidepressants (especially tricyclics and paroxetine) and septal defects.

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  1. Tornblad Institute, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Bengt Källén

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Källén, B. (2014). Cardiovascular Defects. In: Epidemiology of Human Congenital Malformations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01472-2_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01472-2_12

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