Abstract
As designers collect information about a problem, they form a mental frame of the problem space that is the scaffolding around which to build a solution. When presented with new information, successful designers can “reframe” the problem and the solution as part of a successful iterative cycle. These iterative cycles are central to the Stanford Design Thinking process. However, individuals and teams reframe to differing extents; is this variation rooted in intrinsic differences in cognitive style, and can it be associated with long-term innovative performance? We propose and evaluate a closed-form assessment tool called the Stanford Design Thinking Exercise (SDTE) to answer these questions. The results shed light on the particularly strong need for improved team dynamics measurements and the challenges of transcending context-specificity. Pathways for enhanced team dynamics measurements are explored.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Artiz J, Walker RC (2009) Cognitive organization and identity maintenance in multicultural teams: a discourse analysis of decision-making meetings. J Bus Commun. doi:10.1177/0021943609340669, http://job.sagepub.com/content/early/2009/07/16/0021943609340669
Baron-Cohen S, Wheelwright S, Hill J, Raste Y, Plumb I (2001) The ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 42(2):241–251, doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00715
Jung CG, Hull RFC (1971) Psychological types. Bollingen series XX (trans: Baynes HG). Princeton University Press
Jung MF, Larry JL, James JG, Pamela Hinds, Ralf Steinert, Stanford University. Department. of Mechanical Engineering (2011) Engineering team performance and emotion affective interaction dynamics as indicators of design team performance. http://purl.stanford.edu/th996ft5752
Jung M, Chong J, Leifer L (2012) Group hedonic balance and pair programming performance: affective interaction dynamics as indicators of performance. In: Proceedings of the 2012 ACM annual conference on human factors in computing systems, pp 829–838. CHI’12. ACM, New York. doi:10.1145/2208516.2208523. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2208516.2208523
Kress G, Schar M (2011) Initial conditions: the structure and composition of effective design teams. In: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on engineering design (ICED11), vol 7, pp 353–361
Kress GL, Schar M (2012) Applied teamology: the impact of cognitive style diversity on problem reframing and product redesign within design teams. In: Hasso P, Christoph M, Larry L (eds) Design thinking research, Understanding innovation. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg, pp 127–149, http://www.springerlink.com/content/g658277881645046/abstract/
Kress G, Steinert M, Price T (2012) Cognition as a measure of team diversity. In: Interdisciplinary engineering design education conference (IEDEC), 2nd edn., pp 67–72 doi:10.1109/IEDEC.2012.6186925
Skogstad P, Steinert M, Gumerlock K, Leifer L (2009) We need a universal design project outcome performance measurement metric: a discussion based on empirical research. In: Proceedings of the 17th international conference on engineering design (ICED’09), vol 6, pp 473–484
Sosa R (1999) Modelling creative design through conversation analysis. In: Proceedings of the 3rd conference on creativity & cognition, C&C’99. ACM, New York, pp 182–183. doi:10.1145/317561.317592. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/317561.317592
Tang JC (1991) Findings from observational studies of collaborative work. Int J Man–Mach Stud 34(2):143–160, doi:10.1016/0020-7373(91)90039-A
Tang JC, Leifer LJ (1991) An observational methodology for studying group design activity. Res Eng Des 2(4):209–219, doi:10.1007/BF01579218
Wilde DJ (2008) Teamology: the construction and organization of effective teams. Springer, New York
Woolley AW, Chabris CF, Pentland A, Hashmi N, Malone TW (2010) Evidence for a collective intelligence factor in the performance of human groups. Science 330(6004):686–688, doi:10.1126/science.1193147
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kress, G., Sadler, J. (2014). Team Cognition and Reframing Behavior: The Impact of Team Cognition on Problem Reframing, Team Dynamics and Design Performance. In: Leifer, L., Plattner, H., Meinel, C. (eds) Design Thinking Research. Understanding Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01303-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01303-9_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-01302-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-01303-9
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsBusiness and Management (R0)