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Securing Water and Wastewater Systems pp 29–85Cite as

Protecting Water Supply Critical Infrastructure: An Overview

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Part of the book series: Protecting Critical Infrastructure ((PCIN,volume 2))

Abstract

Government planners have long been aware that urban water systems are vulnerable to threats and disasters, both manmade and natural, including water shortages and droughts, earthquakes, and storms with high winds and flooding. Since the attacks of September 11, 2001, government planners in the United States have been forced to also consider the vulnerability of the nation’s critical infrastructure, including water systems, to terrorism. The Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 (U.S. Congress 2002) intensified the focus on water security research in the United States. Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7 (HSPD-7), signed on December 17, 2003, established a national policy for Federal departments and agencies to identify and prioritize critical infrastructure and to protect them from terrorist attacks. HSPD-7 established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as the lead agency for the Water Sector’s critical infrastructure protection activities. Consequently the EPA developed a Homeland Security Strategy, which is regularly updated (U.S. EPA 2013). The intent of the act was to enhance national security and protect human health and the environment.

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Abbreviations

CANARY:

Contamination event detection system

CMMS:

Computerized maintenance management systems

CWS:

Contamination warning system

DHS:

Department of Homeland Security

DSL:

Digital subscriber lines

EDS:

Event detection system

EPA:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

GA:

Genetic algorithm

GAO:

Government Accountability Office

h:

Hours

HMI:

Human–machine interface

ICS:

Industrial control system

IT:

Information technology

LIMS:

Laboratory information management system

LAN:

Local area network

MCMC:

Marko chain Monte Carlo

MILP:

Mixed integer linear programming

NFPA:

National fire protection association

NTNCWS:

Nontransient, noncommunity water supply

ODE:

Ordinary differential equation

ORP:

Oxidation reduction potential

pH:

A measure of acidity

PIN:

Possible ingress nodes

PLC:

Programmable logic controller

QP:

Quadratic programming

RTU:

Remote terminal units

S:

Seconds

SCADA:

Supervisory control and data acquisition

SDWA:

Safe drinking water Act

TEVA-SPOT:

Threat ensemble vulnerability assessment sensor placement optimization tool

TEVA:

Threat ensemble vulnerability assessment

TNCWS:

Transient noncommunity water supply

TOC:

Total organic carbon

VPN:

Virtual private network

VX:

An extremely toxic substance that has no known uses except in chemical warfare as a nerve agent

WDS:

Water distribution system

WSi:

Water security initiative

WS:

Water security

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts and contributions of the peer reviewers and technical editor Marti Sinclair [contract GS35F4594G, TO1533) who helped to significantly improve the material presented here. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of EPA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Water Infrastructure and Protection Division, National Homeland Security Research Center, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Robert Janke

  2. Water Supply and Water Resources Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Michael E. Tryby

  3. Environmental Engineering and Public Health Consultant, 9627 Lansford Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45242, USA

    Robert M. Clark

Authors
  1. Robert Janke
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  2. Michael E. Tryby
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  3. Robert M. Clark
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Robert Janke .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Engineering and Public Heath Consultant, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Robert M. Clark

  2. Department of Economics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Simon Hakim

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Janke, R., Tryby, M.E., Clark, R.M. (2014). Protecting Water Supply Critical Infrastructure: An Overview. In: Clark, R., Hakim, S. (eds) Securing Water and Wastewater Systems. Protecting Critical Infrastructure, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01092-2_2

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