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Neuromodulatory approaches to the treatment of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias

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Book cover Operative Neuromodulation

Part of the book series: Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements ((NEUROCHIRURGICA,volume 97/2))

Abstract

The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are a group of primary headache syndromes characterised by intense pain and associated activation of cranial parasympathetic autonomic outflow pathways out of proportion to the pain. The TACs include cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania and SUNCT (short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing). The pathophysiology of these syndromes involves activation of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex, whose afferent limb projects into the trigeminocervical complex in the caudal brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord. Functional brain imaging has shown activations in the posterior hypothalamic grey matter in TACs. This paper reviews the anatomy and physiology of these conditions and the brain imaging findings. Current treatments are summarised and the role of neuromodulation procedures, such as occipital nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation in the posterior hypothalamus are reviewed. Neuromodulatory procedures are a promising avenue for these highly disabled patients with treatment refractory TACs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK

    Peter J. Goadsby

  2. Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Peter J. Goadsby

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  1. Peter J. Goadsby
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Correspondence to Peter J. Goadsby .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Damianos E. Sakas

  2. University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK

    Brian A. Simpson

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© 2007 Springer-Verlag

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Goadsby, P.J. (2007). Neuromodulatory approaches to the treatment of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. In: Sakas, D.E., Simpson, B.A. (eds) Operative Neuromodulation. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements, vol 97/2. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-33081-4_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-33081-4_12

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