Abstract
As virulence factors, microbial proteases often exert dual activities, enhancing the inflammatory response and affecting leukocyte functions. By activating the kallikrein-kinin system, they induce the release of kinins, which cause vascular leakage, and by inducing C5a production from the fifth complement component, they trigger the release of histamine. Leukocytes also accumulate in response to the production of the chemoattractant C5a and the secretion of chemokines from various cells, leading to exaggerated inflammatory reactions. Conversely, microbial proteases degrade chemoattractants, including chemokines, and the leukocyte receptors essential for leukocyte infiltration and the immune responses, thereby contributing to the bacterial evasion of the host defense system and the survival of the microorganism. In this way, they contribute to modulation of the inflammation caused by microbial infections, and their activity may exacerbate infectious diseases. Therefore, the specific inhibition of microbial proteases constitutes a valid therapeutic strategy for infectious diseases.
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Imamura, T., Potempa, J. (2011). Microbial Proteases: Relevance to the Inflammatory Response. In: Vergnolle, N., Chignard, M. (eds) Proteases and Their Receptors in Inflammation. Progress in Inflammation Research. Springer, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-0157-7_12
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