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Mechanics, Structure and Evolution of Fault Zones pp 1537–1573Cite as

Structural Properties and Deformation Patterns of Evolving Strike-slip Faults: Numerical Simulations Incorporating Damage Rheology

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Abstract

We present results on evolving geometrical and material properties of large strike-slip fault zones and associated deformation fields, using 3-D numerical simulations in a rheologically-layered model with a seismogenic upper crust governed by a continuum brittle damage framework over a viscoelastic substrate. The damage healing parameters we employ are constrained using results of test models and geophysical observations of healing along active faults. The model simulations exhibit several results that are likely to have general applicability. The fault zones form initially as complex segmented structures and evolve overall with continuing deformation toward contiguous, simpler structures. Along relatively-straight mature segments, the models produce flower structures with depth consisting of a broad damage zone in the top few kilometers of the crust and highly localized damage at depth. The flower structures form during an early evolutionary stage of the fault system (before a total offset of about 0.05 to 0.1 km has accumulated), and persist as continued deformation localizes further along narrow slip zones. The tectonic strain at seismogenic depths is concentrated along the highly damaged cores of the main fault zones, although at shallow depths a small portion of the strain is accommodated over a broader region. This broader domain corresponds to shallow damage (or compliant) zones which have been identified in several seismic and geodetic studies of active faults. The models produce releasing stepovers between fault zone segments that are locations of ongoing interseismic deformation. Material within the fault stepovers remains damaged during the entire earthquake cycle (with significantly reduced rigidity and shearwave velocity) to depths of 10 to 15 km. These persistent damage zones should be detectable by geophysical imaging studies and could have important implications for earthquake dynamics and seismic hazard.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., V6T 1Z4, Canada

    Yaron Finzi & Elizabeth H. Hearn

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, 90089-0740, USA

    Yehuda Ben-Zion

  3. Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, 95501, Israel

    Vladimir Lyakhovsky

Authors
  1. Yaron Finzi
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  2. Elizabeth H. Hearn
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  3. Yehuda Ben-Zion
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  4. Vladimir Lyakhovsky
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department Earth Sciences, University of Southern California College of Letters, Arts & Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 900089-0740, USA

    Yehuda Ben-Zion  & Charles Sammis  & 

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© 2009 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel

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Finzi, Y., Hearn, E.H., Ben-Zion, Y., Lyakhovsky, V. (2009). Structural Properties and Deformation Patterns of Evolving Strike-slip Faults: Numerical Simulations Incorporating Damage Rheology. In: Ben-Zion, Y., Sammis, C. (eds) Mechanics, Structure and Evolution of Fault Zones. Pageoph Topical Volumes. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0346-0138-2_2

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