Abstract
This chapter reviews rodent models of obesity and how they provide crucial insight into our understanding of physiological, environmental, genetic, and epigenetic bases of human obesity. Naturally occurring or genetically modified animal models represent precious and necessary tools to explore the complexity of energy balance regulation and to test innovative therapeutic intervention in obesity, of which leptin treatment for leptin-deficient patients is a striking example.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ainge H, Thompson C, Ozanne SE et al (2011) A systematic review on animal models of maternal high fat feeding and offspring glycaemic control. Int J Obes (Lond) 35:325–335
Barsh GS, Ollmann MM, Wilson BD et al (1999) Molecular pharmacology of Agouti protein in vitro and in vivo. Ann N Y Acad Sci 885:143–152
Boullu-Ciocca S, Achard V, Tassistro V et al (2008) Postnatal programming of glucocorticoid metabolism in rats modulates high-fat diet-induced regulation of visceral adipose tissue glucocorticoid exposure and sensitivity and adiponectin and proinflammatory adipokines gene expression in adulthood. Diabetes 57:669–677
Brockmann GA, Bevova MR (2002) Using mouse models to dissect the genetics of obesity. Trends Genet 18:367–376
Bultman SJ, Michaud EJ, Woychik RP (1992) Molecular characterization of the mouse agouti locus. Cell 71:1195–1204
Burcelin R, Crivelli V, Dacosta A et al (2002) Heterogeneous metabolic adaptation of C57BL/6 J mice to high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282:E834–E842
Campfield LA, Smith FJ, Guisez Y et al (1995) Recombinant mouse OB protein: evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks. Science 269:546–549
Cani PD, Delzenne NM, Amar J et al (2008) Role of gut microflora in the development of obesity and insulin resistance following high-fat diet feeding. Pathol Biol (Paris) 56:305–309
Carroll K, Gomez C, Shapiro L (2004) Tubby proteins: the plot thickens. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 5:55–63
Cawley NX, Yanik T, Woronowicz A et al (2010) Obese carboxypeptidase E knockout mice exhibit multiple defects in peptide hormone processing contributing to low bone mineral density. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 299:E189–E197
Chen H, Charlat O, Tartaglia LA et al (1996) Evidence that the diabetes gene encodes the leptin receptor: identification of a mutation in the leptin receptor gene in db/db mice. Cell 84:491–495
Churchill GA, Airey DC, Allayee H et al (2004) The collaborative cross, a community resource for the genetic analysis of complex traits. Nat Genet 36:1133–1137
Clement K (2006) Genetics of human obesity. C R Biol 329:608–622
Coleman DL (2010) A historical perspective on leptin. Nat Med 16:1097–1099
Czupryn A, Zhou YD, Chen X et al (2011) Transplanted hypothalamic neurons restore leptin signaling and ameliorate obesity in db/db mice. Science 334:1133–1137
Ding S, Chi MM, Scull BP et al (2010) High-fat diet: bacteria interactions promote intestinal inflammation which precedes and correlates with obesity and insulin resistance in mouse. PLoS ONE 5:e12191
Dow LE, Lowe SW (2012) Life in the fast lane: mammalian disease models in the genomics era. Cell 148:1099–1109
Farooqi IS, Jebb SA, Langmack G et al (1999) Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency. N Engl J Med 341:879–884
Fearnside JF, Dumas ME, Rothwell AR et al (2008) Phylometabonomic patterns of adaptation to high fat diet feeding in inbred mice. PLoS ONE 3:e1668
Gilbert M, Magnan C, Turban S et al (2003) Leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats reduce their food intake in response to a systemic supply of calories from glucose. Diabetes 52:277–282
Guo F, Jen KL (1995) High-fat feeding during pregnancy and lactation affects offspring metabolism in rats. Physiol Behav 57:681–686
Halaas JL, Gajiwala KS, Maffei M et al (1995) Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science 269:543–546
Hariri N, Thibault L (2010) High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models. Nutr Res Rev 23:270–299
Huszar D, Lynch CA, Fairchild-Huntress V et al (1997) Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice. Cell 88:131–141
Justice MJ (2000) Capitalizing on large-scale mouse mutagenesis screens. Nat Rev Genet 1:109–115
King BM (2006) The rise, fall, and resurrection of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight. Physiol Behav 87:221–244
Klebig ML, Wilkinson JE, Geisler JG et al (1995) Ectopic expression of the agouti gene in transgenic mice causes obesity, features of type II diabetes, and yellow fur. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:4728–4732
Kleyn PW, Fan W, Kovats SG et al (1996) Identification and characterization of the mouse obesity gene tubby: a member of a novel gene family. Cell 85:281–290
Kosteli A, Sugaru E, Haemmerle G et al (2010) Weight loss and lipolysis promote a dynamic immune response in murine adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 120:3466–3479
Lee GH, Proenca R, Montez JM et al (1996) Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice. Nature 379:632–635
Lee G, Li C, Montez J et al (1997) Leptin receptor mutations in 129 db3 J/db3 J mice and NIH facp/facp rats. Mamm Genome 8:445–447
Leibowitz KL, Chang GQ, Pamy PS et al (2007) Weight gain model in prepubertal rats: prediction and phenotyping of obesity-prone animals at normal body weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 31:1210–1221
Levin BE, Dunn-Meynell AA (2000) Defense of body weight against chronic caloric restriction in obesity-prone and -resistant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278:R231–R237
Levin BE, Dunn-Meynell AA, Banks WA (2004) Obesity-prone rats have normal blood-brain barrier transport but defective central leptin signaling before obesity onset. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 286:R143–R150
Li C, Ioffe E, Fidahusein N et al (1998) Absence of soluble leptin receptor in plasma from dbPas/dbPas and other db/db mice. J Biol Chem 273:10078–10082
Liu P, Vikis H, Lu Y et al (2007) Large-scale in silico mapping of complex quantitative traits in inbred mice. PLoS ONE 2:e651
Madsen AN, Hansen G, Paulsen SJ et al (2010) Long-term characterization of the diet-induced obese and diet-resistant rat model: a polygenetic rat model mimicking the human obesity syndrome. J Endocrinol 206:287–296
Marshall NB, Barrnett RJ, Mayer J (1955) Hypothalamic lesions in goldthioglucose injected mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 90:240–244
Michaud EJ, Bultman SJ, Klebig ML et al (1994) A molecular model for the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the mouse lethal yellow (Ay) mutation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:2562–2566
Miller MW, Duhl DM, Vrieling H et al (1993) Cloning of the mouse agouti gene predicts a secreted protein ubiquitously expressed in mice carrying the lethal yellow mutation. Genes Dev 7:454–467
Moon BC, Friedman JM (1997) The molecular basis of the obese mutation in ob2 J mice. Genomics 42:152–156
Moussa NM, Claycombe KJ (1999) The yellow mouse obesity syndrome and mechanisms of agouti-induced obesity. Obes Res 7:506–514
Naggert JK, Fricker LD, Varlamov O et al (1995) Hyperproinsulinaemia in obese fat/fat mice associated with a carboxypeptidase E mutation which reduces enzyme activity. Nat Genet 10:135–142
Noben-Trauth K, Naggert JK, North MA et al (1996) A candidate gene for the mouse mutation tubby. Nature 380:534–538
Ozcan L, Ergin AS, Lu A et al (2009) Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a central role in development of leptin resistance. Cell Metab 9:35–51
Patterson CM, Bouret SG, Park S et al (2010) Large litter rearing enhances leptin sensitivity and protects selectively bred diet-induced obese rats from becoming obese. Endocrinology 151:4270–4279
Pelleymounter MA, Cullen MJ, Baker MB et al (1995) Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science 269:540–543
Perry WL, Hustad CM, Swing DA et al (1995) A transgenic mouse assay for agouti protein activity. Genetics 140:267–274
Phillips MS, Liu Q, Hammond HA et al (1996) Leptin receptor missense mutation in the fatty Zucker rat. Nat Genet 13:18–19
Pinkney J, Wilding J, Williams G et al (2002) Hypothalamic obesity in humans: what do we know and what can be done? Obes Rev 3:27–34
Plum L, Lin HV, Dutia R et al (2009) The obesity susceptibility gene Cpe links FoxO1 signaling in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons with regulation of food intake. Nat Med 15:1195–1201
Pomp D, Nehrenberg D, Estrada-Smith D (2008) Complex genetics of obesity in mouse models. Annu Rev Nutr 28:331–345
Rankinen T, Zuberi A, Chagnon YC et al (2006) The human obesity gene map: the 2005 update. Obesity (Silver Spring) 14:529–644
Scarpace PJ, Zhang Y (2009) Leptin resistance: a prediposing factor for diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 296:R493–R500
Schadt EE, Lamb J, Yang X et al (2005) An integrative genomics approach to infer causal associations between gene expression and disease. Nat Genet 37:710–717
Simler N, Grosfeld A, Peinnequin A et al (2006) Leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats reduce their food intake in response to hypobaric hypoxia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290:E591–E597
Stubdal H, Lynch CA, Moriarty A et al (2000) Targeted deletion of the tub mouse obesity gene reveals that tubby is a loss-of-function mutation. Mol Cell Biol 20:878–882
Surwit RS, Feinglos MN, Rodin J et al (1995) Differential effects of fat and sucrose on the development of obesity and diabetes in C57BL/6 J and A/J mice. Metabolism 44:645–651
Takaya K, Ogawa Y, Hiraoka J et al (1996) Nonsense mutation of leptin receptor in the obese spontaneously hypertensive Koletsky rat. Nat Genet 14:130–131
Tartaglia LA, Dembski M, Weng X et al (1995) Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R. Cell 83:1263–1271
Troy S, Soty M, Ribeiro L et al (2008) Intestinal gluconeogenesis is a key factor for early metabolic changes after gastric bypass but not after gastric lap-band in mice. Cell Metab 8:201–211
Valdar W, Solberg LC, Gauguier D et al (2006) Genome-wide genetic association of complex traits in heterogeneous stock mice. Nat Genet 38:879–887
Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M et al (1994) Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 372:425–432
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag France
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Guerre-Millo, M. (2013). Animal Models of Obesity. In: Bastard, JP., Fève, B. (eds) Physiology and Physiopathology of Adipose Tissue. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0343-2_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0343-2_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Paris
Print ISBN: 978-2-8178-0342-5
Online ISBN: 978-2-8178-0343-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)