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Traité de nutrition artificielle de l’adulte pp 115–125Cite as

Acides gras poly-insaturés, phospholipides et fonctions membranaires

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Abstrait

Les acides gras constituent la composante majeure des matières grasses chez les eucaryotes. Ils se répartissent en trois grands groupes: acides gras saturés (AGS) sans double liaison, acides gras mono-insaturés (AGMI) avec une double liaison et acides gras poly-insaturés (AGPI), avec deux doubles liaisons ou plus. Les AGS et AGMI sont parfois considérés comme dénués de spécificité fonctionnelle à ľexclusion des processus de palmitoylation et de myristoylation, c’est-à-dire la liaison covalente ďun AGS (palmitique à 16 carbones ou myristique à 14 carbones) sur une protéine. Ce processus biologique ubiquitaire est impliqué dans de nombreuses fonctions membranaires (1). Il n’en va pas de même pour les AGPI dont le rôle fonctionnel spécifique est important et varié (localisation spécifique dans ľenvironnement protéique membranaire, médiateurs intracellulaires de la signalisation humorale ou des PPARs, messagers intercellulaires comme les prostaglandines et les leucotriènes, etc.). La plupart des tissus humains sont capables de synthétiser des AGS à partir de sucres ou ďacides aminés, et les AGMI à partir des AGS car ils possèdent une Δ9-désaturase.

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© 2007 Springer-Verlag France, Paris

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Grynberg, A. (2007). Acides gras poly-insaturés, phospholipides et fonctions membranaires. In: Traité de nutrition artificielle de l’adulte. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-33475-7_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-33475-7_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Paris

  • Print ISBN: 978-2-287-33474-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-2-287-33475-7

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