Abstract
An appreciation of atrioventricular valve surgical anatomy reveals that they are much more than simple valves, opening and closing in response to pressure changes. The structural interrelationship of the valves of the heart and the dynamic mechanisms involved in their function are fundamental in optimizing valve performance and are dependent upon an intricate, multifaceted central cardiac complex.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Caulfield JB, Borg TK. The collagen network of the heart. Lab Invest. 1979;40:364-372.
Robinson TF, Cohen-Gould L, Factor SM. Skeletal framework of mammalian heart muscle. Arrangement of inter- and pericellular connective tissue structures. Lab Invest. 1983;49: 482-498.
Sutton JP 3rd, Ho SY, Anderson RH. The forgotten interleaflet triangles: a review of the surgical anatomy of the aortic valve. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;59:419-427.
Tohno S, Azuma C, Tohno Y, et al. Increases of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium in both the right and left fibrous trigones of human heart with aging. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2007;119:111-119.
Barasch E, Gottdiener JS, Marino Larsen EK, Chaves PH, Newman AB. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in community-dwelling elderly individuals with calcification of the fibrous skeleton of the base of the heart and aortosclerosis (The Cardiovascular Health Study). Am J Cardiol. 2006;97:1281-1286. Epub 2006 Mar 10.
Levine RA, Triulzi MO, Harrigan P, Weyman AE. The relationship of mitral annular shape to the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse. Circulation. 1987;75:756-767.
Angelini A, Ho SY, Anderson RH, Davies MJ, Becker AE. A histological study of the atrioventricular junction in hearts with normal and prolapsed leaflets of the mitral valve. Br Heart J. 1988;59:712-716.
Carpentier A, Branchini B, Cour JC, et al. Congenital malformations of the mitral valve in children. Pathology and surgical treatment. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1976;72: 854-866.
Kumar N, Kumar M, Duran CM. A revised terminology for recording surgical findings of the mitral valve. J Heart Valve Dis. 1995;4:70-75. discussion 76–77.
Lam JH, Ranganathan N, Wigle ED, Silver MD. Morphology of the human mitral valve. I. Chordae tendineae: a new classification. Circulation. 1970;41:449-458.
Rusted IE, Scheifley CH, Edwards JE. Studies of the mitral valve. I. Anatomic features of the normal mitral valve and associated structures. Circulation. 1952;6:825-831.
Chiechi MA, Lees WM, Thompson R. Functional anatomy of the normal mitral valve. J Thorac Surg. 1956;32: 378-398.
Bezerra AJ, DiDio LJ, Prates JC. Dimensions of the left atrioventricular valve and its components in normal human hearts. Cardioscience. 1992;3:241-244.
Roberts WC, Perloff JK. Mitral valvular disease. A clinicopathologic survey of the conditions causing the mitral valve to function abnormally. Ann Intern Med. 1972;77:939-975.
Marron K, Yacoub MH, Polak JM, et al. Innervation of human atrioventricular and arterial valves. Circulation. 1996;94:368-375.
Sonnenblick EH, Napolitano LM, Daggett WM, Cooper T. An intrinsic neuromuscular basis for mitral valve motion in the dog. Circ Res. 1967;21:9-15.
Kunzelman KS, Cochran RP, Verrier ED, Eberhart RC. Anatomic basis for mitral valve modelling. J Heart Valve Dis. 1994;3:491-496.
Sedransk KL, Grande-Allen KJ, Vesely I. Failure mechanics of mitral valve chordae tendineae. J Heart Valve Dis. 2002;11:644-650.
Lomholt M, Nielsen SL, Hansen SB, Andersen NT, Hasenkam JM. Differential tension between secondary and primary mitral chordae in an acute in-vivo porcine model. J Heart Valve Dis. 2002;11:337-345.
Goetz WA, Lim HS, Lansac E, et al. Anterior mitral basal ‘stay’ chords are essential for left ventricular geometry and function. J Heart Valve Dis. 2005;14:195-202. discussion 202–203.
Athanasiou T, Chow A, Rao C, et al. Preservation of the mitral valve apparatus: evidence synthesis and critical reappraisal of surgical techniques. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008;33:391-401. Epub 2008 Jan 14.
Rodriguez F, Langer F, Harrington KB, et al. Importance of mitral valve second-order chordae for left ventricular geometry, wall thickening mechanics, and global systolic function. Circulation. 2004;110:II115-II122.
van Rijk-Zwikker GL, Delemarre BJ, Huysmans HA. Mitral valve anatomy and morphology: relevance to mitral valve replacement and valve reconstruction. J Card Surg. 1994;9:255-261.
Flachskampf FA, Chandra S, Gaddipatti A, et al. Analysis of shape and motion of the mitral annulus in subjects with and without cardiomyopathy by echocardiographic 3-dimensional reconstruction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2000;13: 277-287.
Timek TA, Green GR, Tibayan FA, et al. Aorto-mitral annular dynamics. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;76:1944-1950.
Komoda T, Hetzer R, Oellinger J, et al. Mitral annular flexibility. J Card Surg. 1997;12:102-109.
Timek T, Dagum P, Lai DT, et al. The role of atrial contraction in mitral valve closure. J Heart Valve Dis. 2001;10:312-319.
Perloff JK, Roberts WC. The mitral apparatus. Functional anatomy of mitral regurgitation. Circulation. 1972;46:227-239.
Salgo IS, Gorman JH 3rd, et al. Effect of annular shape on leaflet curvature in reducing mitral leaflet stress. Circulation. 2002;106:711-717.
May-Newman K, Yin FC. Biaxial mechanical behavior of excised porcine mitral valve leaflets. Am J Physiol. 1995;269:H1319-H1327.
Choure AJ, Garcia MJ, Hesse B, et al. In vivo analysis of the anatomical relationship of coronary sinus to mitral annulus and left circumflex coronary artery using cardiac multidetector computed tomography: implications for percutaneous coronary sinus mitral annuloplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1938-1945. Epub 2006 Nov 1.
Tops LF, Van de Veire NR, Schuijf JD, et al. Noninvasive evaluation of coronary sinus anatomy and its relation to the mitral valve annulus: implications for percutaneous mitral annuloplasty. Circulation. 2007;115:1426-1432. Epub 2007 Mar 12.
Tei C, Shah PM, Ormiston JA. Assessment of tricuspid regurgitation by directional analysis of right atrial systolic linear reflux echoes with contrast M-mode echocardiography. Am Heart J. 1982;103:1025-1030.
Ton-Nu TT, Levine RA, Handschumacher MD, et al. Geometric determinants of functional tricuspid regurgitation: insights from 3-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation. 2006;114:143-149. Epub 2006 Jul 3.
Fukuda S, Saracino G, Matsumura Y, et al. Three-dimensional geometry of the tricuspid annulus in healthy subjects and in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation: a real-time, 3-dimensional echocardiographic study. Circulation. 2006; 114:I492-I498.
Silver MD, Lam JH, Ranganathan N, Wigle ED. Morphology of the human tricuspid valve. Circulation. 1971; 43: 333-348.
Aktas EO, Govsa F, Kocak A, Boydak B, Yavuz IC. Variations in the papillary muscles of normal tricuspid valve and their clinical relevance in medicolegal autopsies. Saudi Med J. 2004;25:1176-1185.
Hiro ME, Jouan J, Pagel MR, et al. Sonometric study of the normal tricuspid valve annulus in sheep. J Heart Valve Dis. 2004;13:452-460.
Tsakiris AG, Mair DD, Seki S, Titus JL, Wood EH. Motion of the tricuspid valve annulus in anesthetized intact dogs. Circ Res. 1975;36:43-48.
Jouan J, Pagel MR, Hiro ME, Lim KH, Lansac E, Duran CM. Further information from a sonometric study of the normal tricuspid valve annulus in sheep: geometric changes during the cardiac cycle. J Heart Valve Dis. 2007;16:511-518.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barker, T.A., Wilson, I.C. (2010). Surgical Anatomy of the Mitral and Tricuspid Valve. In: Bonser, R., Pagano, D., Haverich, A. (eds) Mitral Valve Surgery. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-426-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-426-5_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84996-425-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-84996-426-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)