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General-Purpose Computing on a Semantic Network Substrate

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Book cover Emergent Web Intelligence: Advanced Semantic Technologies

Part of the book series: Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing ((AI&KP))

Abstract

This article presents a model of general-purpose computing on a semantic network substrate. The concepts presented are applicable to any semantic network representation. However, due to the standards and technological infrastructure devoted to the Semantic Web effort, this article is presented from this point of view. In the proposed model of computing, the application programming interface, the run-time program, and the state of the computing virtual machine are all represented in the Resource Description Framework (RDF). The implementation of the concepts presented provides a computing paradigm that leverages the distributed and standardized representational-layer of the Semantic Web.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note that RDF is a data model, not a syntax. RDF has many different syntaxes like RDF/XML [30], Notation 3 (N3) [6], the N-TRIPLE format [5], and TRiX [12].

  2. 2.

    For the sake of brevity, prefixes are usually used instead of the full namespace. For instance, http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# is prefixed as rdf:.

  3. 3.

    Many triple store applications support reasoning about resources during a query (at run-time). For example, suppose that the triple (lanl:marko, rdf:type, ex:ComputerScientist) does not exist in the RDF network, but instead there exist the triples (lanl:marko, rdf:type, ex:ComputerEngineer) and (ex:ComputerEngineer, owl:sameAs, ex:ComputerScientist). With OWL reasoning, ?x would still bind to lanl:marko because ex:ComputerEngineer and ex:ComputerScientist are the same according to OWL semantics. The RDF computing concepts presented in this article primarily focus on triple pattern matching and thus, beyond direct URI and literal name matching, no other semantics are used.

  4. 4.

    This is interpreted in OWL semantics as saying: “A human is something that has a single human as a friend.” In OWL, given that it is a description logic [4], an ontology defines descriptions and the purpose of the OWL reasoner is to determine which instances are subsumed by which descriptions.

  5. 5.

    In this article, ontology diagrams will not explicitly represent the constructs rdfs:domain, rdfs:range, nor the owl:Restriction anonymous URIs. These URIs are assumed to be apparent from the diagram. For example, the restriction shown as [0..1] in Fig. 4.2 is represented by an owl:Restriction for the ex:hasFriend property where the owl:maxCardinality is 1 and ex:Human is an rdfs:subClassOf of this owl:Restriction.

  6. 6.

    While OWL has many features that are useful for reasoning about RDF data, the primary purpose of OWL with respect to the concepts presented in this article is to utilize OWL for its ability to create restricted data models. These restricted models form the APIs and ensure that instance RDF triple-code can be unambiguously generated by an RVM.

  7. 7.

    This fact was taken from Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UUID.

  8. 8.

    Java generics as represented by the < > notation is supported by Java 1.5+.

  9. 9.

    When there are no ambiguities in naming, the class declaration can be written without prefixes.

  10. 10.

    This constraint does not apply to owl:Restrictions as Neno classes utilize owl:Restrictions to make explicit property restrictions. Thus, excluding owl:Restriction subclassing, a Neno object class can only be the subclass of a single class.

  11. 11.

    When the term Fhat is used, it is referring to the entire virtual machine, when the teletyped term Fhat is used, it is referring to the virtual machine process identified by the URI Fhat.

  12. 12.

    Conditions are unique in that they have a trueInst and a falseInst property. If the Condition is true, the next Instruction is the one pointed to by the trueInst property, else the next Instruction is the one pointed to by the falseInst property.

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Acknowledgements

This research was made possible by a generous grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. Herbert Van de Sompel, Ryan Chute, and Johan Bollen all provided much insight during the development of these ideas. Neno/Fhat was originally designed in the fall of 2006. At the completion of this article, the author was introduced to the Ripple RDF programming language being developed by Joshua Shinavier [40]. The similarity in ideas has fostered a close collaboration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. T-5, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA

    Marko A. Rodriguez

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  1. Marko A. Rodriguez
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Correspondence to Marko A. Rodriguez .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. INSA de Lyon, avenue Jean Capelle 7, Villeurbanne CX, 69621, France

    Youakim Badr

  2. Fac. Sciences Mirande, UMR CNRS 5158, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon CX, France

    Richard Chbeir

  3. Technology, Center for Quantifiable Quality of, Norwegian University of Science &, O.S. Bragstads plass 2E, Trondheim, 7491, Norway

    Ajith Abraham

  4. College of Business & Administration, Dept. Quantitative Methods &, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait

    Aboul-Ella Hassanien

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Rodriguez, M.A. (2010). General-Purpose Computing on a Semantic Network Substrate. In: Badr, Y., Chbeir, R., Abraham, A., Hassanien, AE. (eds) Emergent Web Intelligence: Advanced Semantic Technologies. Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-077-9_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-077-9_4

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