Abstract
The most widely used synthetic technique for bulk metal oxides has been the ceramic method, which is based on the direct reaction of powder mixtures. These reactions are completely controlled by the diffusion of the atomic or ionic species through the reactants and products. To bring the reaction partners sufficiently close together and to provide high mobility, these solid state processes require high temperature and small particle sizes. Although the harsh reaction conditions only lead to thermodynamically stable phases, preventing the formation of metastable solids, these approaches gave access to a large number of new solid compounds, enabling the development of structureproperties relationships. However, in comparison to organic chemistry, where highly sophisticated synthetic pathways are employed to make and break chemical bonds in a controlled way, the ceramic method is a rather crude approach. It is therefore no surprise that for the size- and shape-controlled synthesis of nanoparticles especially liquid-phase routes represent the most promising alternatives. In contrast to solid-state processes, but analogous to organic chemistry, “chimie douce” approaches offer the possibility to control the reaction pathways on a molecular level during the transformation of the precursor species to the final product, enabling the synthesis of nanoparticles with well-defined and uniform crystal morphologies and with superior purity and homogeneity [12].
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(2009). Aqueous and Nonaqueous Sol-Gel Chemistry. In: Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Organic Solvents. Engineering Materials and Processes. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-671-7_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-671-7_2
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