Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the developed world. The costs in term of healthcare and lost productivity are enormous but do not adequately reflect the human cost of such significant disability. Ischemic strokes are commonly caused by cardiac emboli, small vessel arterial disease, and atherosclerotic plaque at the carotid bifurcation. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a minimally invasive endovascular procedure for the prevention of ischemic stroke in patients with underlying carotid atherosclerosis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Suggested Reading
Adou-Chebl A, Yadav JS, Reginelli JP, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage and hyperperfusion syndrome following carotid artery stenting: risk factors, prevention and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43:1591–1601
Ambrose JA. Coronary arteriographic analysis and angiographic analysis and angiographic morphology. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 13:1492–4
Anderson PG, Bajaj RK, Baxley WA, et al. Vascular pathology of balloon-expandable flexible coil stents in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19:372–81
Buhk JH, Wellmer A, Knauth M. Late in-stent thrombosis following carotid angioplasty and stenting. Neurology 2006; 66:1594–6.
Chaer RA, Makaroun MS. Evolution of carotid stenting: Indications. Semin Vasc Surg 2008; 21:59–63.
CMS website http://www.cms.hhs.gov/MLNMattersArticles/downloads/MM5667.pdf regarding carotid stenting reimbursement for medicare patients. Accessed 2/1/2009.
Coward LJ, Featherstone RL, Brown MM. Safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment of carotid stenosis compared with carotid endarterectomy; a Cochrane systematic review of the randomized evidence. Stroke 2005; 36(4):905–1
Falk E, Shah PK, Fuster V. Coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 1995; 92:657–71.
Glagov S, Weisenberg E, Zarins CK, et al. Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl J Med 1987; 316:1371–5
Glagov S, Zarins C, Giddens DP, et al. Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. Insights and perspectives gained from studies of human arteries. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1988; 112:1018–31
Gorelick PB. Distribution of atherosclerotic cerebrovascular lesions. Effects of age, race, and sex. Stroke 1993; 24(12 Suppl):I16–9
Grant EG, Benson CB, Moneta GL, et al. Carotid artery stenosis: Gray-scale and Doppler US diagosis-Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consenus Conference. Radiology 2003; 229(2):340–6.
Grubb RL Jr, Derdeyn CP, Fritsch SM, et al. Importance of hemodynamic factors in the prognosis of symptomatic carotid occlusion. JAMA 1998; 280(12):1055–60.
Hirai T, Korogi Y, Ono K, et al. Prospective evaluation of suspected stenoocclusive disease of the intracranial artery: combined MR angiography and CT angiography compared with digital subtraction angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23(1):93–101
Hobson RW, Howard VJ, Roubin GS, et al. Carotid artery stenting is associated with increased complications in octogenarians: 30-day stroke and death rates in the CREST lead-in phase. J Vasc Surg 2004; 40(6):1106–11
Hobson RW, Mackey WC, Ascher E, et al. Management of atherosclerotic carotid artery disease: Clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery. J Vasc Surg 2008; 48:480–86.
Joner M, Finn AV, Farb A, et al. Pathology of drug-eluting stents in humans: delayed healing and late thrombotic risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:193–202.
Jordan WD Jr, Voellinger DC, Doblar DD, et al. Microemboli detected by transcranial Doppler monitoring in patients during carotid angioplasty versus carotid endarterectomy. Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 7:33–8.
Kadkhodayan Y, Derdeyn CP, Cross DT III, et al. Procedural complications of carotid angioplasty and stent placement without cerebral protection device. Neurosurg Focus 2005; 18(1):E1–7.
Kolodgie F, Nakazawa G, Sangiorgi G et al. Pathology of Atherosclerosis and Stenting Neuroimag Clin N Am 2007; 17:285–301
Mas J-L, Chatellier G, Beyssen B, et al. Endartectomy versus stenting in patients wth symptomatic severe carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 355(16):1660–7
McKinsey JF. Symptomatic carotid stenosis: Endarterectomy, stenting or best medical management? Semin Vasc Surg 2008; 21:108–114.
Mintz GS, Popma JJ, Pichard AD et al. Arterial remodeling after coronary angioplasty: a serial intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 1996; 94:35–43
Mohr JP, Gautier J. Internal Carotid Artery Disease Stroke: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 1998, 355–400
Moses JW, Leon MB, Popma JJ, et al. Sirolimus-eluting stents versus standard stents in patients with stenosis in a native coronary artery. N Engl J Med 2003; 349:1315–23
Murad MH, Flynn DN, Elamin MB, et al. Endarterectomy vs. carotid artery stenosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Vasc Surg 2008; 48:487–93.
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:445–3
Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis. Final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial. Lancet 1998; 351:1379–87.
Remonda L, Senn P, Barth A, et al. Contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography of the carotid artery: Comparison with conventional digital subtraction angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23(2):213–9.
Rosamond W, Flegal K, Friday G, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2007 update: A report from the America Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2007; 115:e65–171
Thorvaldsen P, Kuulasmaa K, Rajakangas AM, et al. Stroke trends in the WHO MONICA project. Stroke 1997;28:500–506
Wasserman BA, Smith WI, Trout 3rd HH, et al. Carotid artery atherosclerosis: in vivo morphologic characterization with gadolinium-enhanced double-oblique MR imaging initial results. Radiology 2002; 223:566–73.
Wholey MH, Al Mubarek N, Whley MH. Update review of the global artery stent registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003; 60:259–66.
Wholey MH, Wholey M, Mathias K, et al. Global experience in cervical carotid artery stent placement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2000; 50:160–7
Yadav JS, Wholey MH Kuntz RE, et al. Protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1305–501
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wyse, G., Murphy, K.J. (2010). Carotid Stenting and Angioplasty. In: Morgan, R., Walser, E. (eds) Handbook of Angioplasty and Stenting Procedures. Techniques in Interventional Radiology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-399-6_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-399-6_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84800-398-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-84800-399-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)