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Toll-Like Receptors

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Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology

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  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are part of the innate immune response.

  • TLRs work through two pathways:

    Adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) to activate transcription factor nuclear factor B (NF- B) or activating protein-1 (AP-1)

    A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered MyD88- independent pathway that produces inflammatory cytokines

  • Multiple dermatologic diseases are found to involve TLRs, including TLR-1 (psoriasis, tuberculoid leprosy), TLR2 (acne, retinoids, lepromatous leprosy, syphilis, atopic dermatitis, Lyme disease, herpes simplex virus, candidiasis), TLR4 (Kawasaki’s disease, syphilis, candidiasis, melanoma), TLR5 (syphilis), and TLR9 (herpes simplex virus).

  • Current and future therapies and vaccines will target TLRs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

    Donna Bilu Martin

  2. Department of Dermatology, , University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA

    Anthony A. Gaspari

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  1. Donna Bilu Martin
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Anthony A. Gaspari MD

  2. Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Stephen K. Tyring MD, PhD

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Martin, D.B., Gaspari, A.A. (2008). Toll-Like Receptors. In: Gaspari, A.A., Tyring, S.K. (eds) Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-165-7_5

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