Abstract
This chapter presents the history, natural occurrence, most common minerals and ores, extraction processes and industrial preparation, applications and uses, and major physical and chemical properties of the less common metals, namely, the alkali and alkaline-earth metals, the reactive and refractory metals, the precious and platinum group metals, the rare earth metals and finally the actinides.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Further Reading
Balliett, R.W.; Coscia, M.; Hunkeler, F.J. (1986) Niobium and tantalum in material selection. J. Metals, 38(9)(1986)25–32.
Cabot Performance Material (1996) Technical Note No. 505-95-5M: Tantalum and Tantalum Alloys. Boyertown, PA.
Droegkamp, R.E.; Schussler, M.; Lambert, J.B.; Taylor, D.F. (1984) Tantalum and tantalum compounds.In: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed. Vol. 22. Wiley-Intersciences, New York, pp. 541–564.
Fairbrother, F. (1967) Chemistry of Niobium and Tantalum. Elsevier, New York.
Hampel, C.A. (ed.) (1967) Rare Metals Handbook, 2nd ed. Reinhold, New York.
Lambert, J.B. (1991) Refractory metals and alloys. In: ASM Handbook of Metals Series, 9th ed. Vol. 2: Properties and Selection of Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials. American Society of Metals (ASM), Materials Park, OH, pp. 557–585.
Machlin, I.; Begley, R.T.; Weisert, E.D. (eds.) (1968) Refractory Metal Alloys, Metallurgy and Technology. Plenum, New York.
Miller, G.L. (1959) Tantalum and Niobium. Academic, New York.
Sisco, F.T.; Epremian, E. (1963) Columbium and Tantalum. Wiley, New York.
Smallwood, R.E. (1984) Use of refractory metals in chemical process industries. In: Smallwood, R.E. (ed.) (1984) Refractory Metals and Their Industrial Applications. ASTM STP 849, ASTM, Philadelphia, pp. 106–104.
Downing, J.H. et al. (1997) Chromium. In: Habashi, F. (ed.) Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy, Vol. IV. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp. 1761–1807.
Fichte, R. (1997) Ferrochromium. In: Habashi, F. (ed.) Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy, Vol. I. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp. 438–453.
Hampel, C.A. (ed.) (1967) Rare Metals Handbook, 2nd ed. Reinhold, New York.
Riss, A.; Khodorovsky, Y. (1967) Production of Ferroalloys. MIR, Moscow (transl. I.V. Savin).
Hampel, C.A. (ed.) (1967) Rare Metals Handbook, 2nd ed. Reinhold, New York.
Meyer-Grunow, H. (1997) Ferromolybdenum. In: Habashi, F. (ed.) Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy, Vol. I. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp. 477–480.
Riss, A.; Khodorovsky, Y. (1967) Production of Ferrolalloys. MIR, Moscow (transl. I.V. Savin).
Sebenick, R.F. et al. (1997) Molybdenum. In: Habashi, F. (ed.) Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy, Vol. IV. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp. 1361–1402.
Riss, A.; Khodorovsky, Y. (1967) Production of Ferrolalloys. MIR, Moscow (transl. I.V. Savin).
Yih, S.W.H.; Wang, C.T. (1979) Tungsten: Sources, Metallurgy, Properties, and Applications. Plenum, New York.
Butts, A.; Coxe, C.D. (1967) Silver: Economics, Metallurgy, and Use. Van Nostrand, New York.
Duval, C. (1958) Platine. In: Pascal, P. (ed.) Nouveau Traité de Chimie Minérale. Tome XIX: Ru-Os-Rh-Ir-Pd-Pt. Masson & Cie, Paris, pp. 725–741.
Howe (ed.) (1949) Bibliography of the Platinum Metals. Baker and Co., Newark, NJ.
Kendall, T. (2006) Platinum Metal 2006. Johnson Matthey, London.
Callow, R.J. (1968) The Industrial Chemistry of Lanthanons, Yttrium, Thorium, and Uranium. Pergamon, New York.
Cotton, S.A. (1991) Lanthanides and Actinides. Macmillan, London.
Barrett, S.D.; Dhesi, S.S. (1992) The Structure of Rare-Earth Metal Surfaces. Imperial College Press, London.
Flahaut, J. (1969) Les éléments de terres rares. Collection de Monographies de Chimie, Masson & Cie, Paris.
Gschneider, K.A.; Eyring, L.Jr (eds.) (1979) Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths. North Holland, Amsterdam.
Gschneider, K.A. (1961) Rare Earths Alloys. Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ.
Speeding, F.H.; Daane, A.H. (1961) The Rare Earths. Wiley, New York.
Bellamy, R.G.; Hill, N.A. (1963) Extraction and Metallurgy of Uranium, Thorium, and Beryllium. Macmillan, New York.
Benedict, M.; Pigford, T.H.; Levi, H.W. (1981) Nuclear Chemical Engineering, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Burns, P.C.; Finch, R. (eds.) (1999) Uranium: Mineralogy, Geochemistry and the Environment. Reviews in Mineralogy No. 38, Mineralogical Society of America (MSA), Washington, D.C.
Callow, R.J. (1968) The Industrial Chemistry of the Lanthanons, Yttrium, Thorium, and Uranium. Pergamon, New York.
Cleg, J.W.; Foley, D.D. (1958) Uranium Ore Processing. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Cordfunke, E.H.P. (1969) The Chemistry of Uranium. Elsevier, New York.
Harrington, C.D.; Ruehle, A.R. (1959) Uranium Production Technology. Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ.
Merritt, R.C. (1971) The Extractive Metallurgy of Uranium. Colorado school of Mines Research Institute, Boulder, CO.
Roubeault, M.; Jurain, G. (1958) Géologie de l’uranium. Masson & Cie, Paris.
Bellamy, R.G.; Hill, N.A. (1963) Extraction and Metallurgy of Uranium, Thorium, and Beryllium. Macmillan, New York.
Callow, R.J. (1968) The Industrial Chemistry of the Lanthanons, Yttrium, Thorium, and Uranium. Pergamon, New York.
Ross, A.M. (1958) Thorium, Production Technology. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Smith, J.F. (ed.) (1975) Thorium: Preparation and Properties. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.
Wilhelm, H.A. (ed.) (1958) The Metal Thorium. American Society for Metals (ASM), Cleveland, OH.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
(2008). Less Common Nonferrous Metals. In: Materials Handbook. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-669-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-669-8_4
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84628-668-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-84628-669-8
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)