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Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease pp 285–294Cite as

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease

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Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the world, and obesity is a leading modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular disease. More than one-third of US adults (35.7 %) are obese and 68 % are overweight or obese [1]. This has and continues to have major implications on health as well as economic costs from loss of life and productivity [2]. Excess fat has effects on the cardiovascular system either as a major contributor to the metabolic syndrome or as emerging evidence suggests, by itself [3, 4]. Contrary to formal thought, adipose tissue is not inert but rather a metabolically active organ producing various adipokines with targeted effect on the body. Investigation into adipose biology and mechanisms of obesity has gained momentum as new ways are being sought to combat the obesity epidemic. In January 2000, the Department of Health and Human Services launched Healthy People 2010, a comprehensive, nationwide health promotion and disease prevention agenda. Importantly, no single state was able to achieve a 15 % reduction in obesity set forth by this initiative. There was in fact an increase in the number of states with obesity [5]. In 2000, no state had an obesity prevalence of ≥30 %. However by 2009, nine states had obesity rates of ≥30 % with a further increase to 12 states in 2010. These numbers highlight the extraordinarily rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity and the resultant impact of its strong association with cardiovascular disease. This has resulted in an unprecedented need to understanding the effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system. This chapter discusses the direct and indirect effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system, and its impact on morbidity and mortality.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, 72 East Concord Street, Evans 124, Boston, MA, 02118, USA

    Edmond Obeng-Gyimah M.D.

  2. Cardiovascular Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, 713 Albany Street, W507, Boston, MA, 02118, USA

    Flora Sam M.D.

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  1. Edmond Obeng-Gyimah M.D.
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Correspondence to Flora Sam M.D. .

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  1. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Giamila Fantuzzi

  2. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Carol Braunschweig

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Obeng-Gyimah, E., Sam, F. (2014). Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. In: Fantuzzi, G., Braunschweig, C. (eds) Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-770-9_18

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