Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Endocrine Emergencies pp 127–138Cite as

Diabetes Insipidus

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 2730 Accesses

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE,volume 74))

Abstract

This chapter examines the clinical and laboratory presentations of hypernatremia and describes the clinical and laboratory findings that define an emergency situation in elevated serum sodium concentration. The initial approach to emergency treatment of hypernatremia is presented. The differential diagnosis of diabetes insipidus is tabulated and the importance of distinguishing between the various diagnostic possibilities and its impact on the ongoing management of the condition is emphasized. The pathophysiology of the most common causes of hypernatremia is explored in detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Lindholm J. Diabetes insipidus: historical aspects. Pituitary. 2004;7:33–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Birnbaumer M, Seibold A, Gilbert S, Ishido M, Barberis C, Antaramian A, Brabet P, Rosenthal W. Molecular cloning for the receptor for human antidiuretic hormone. Nature. 1992;357:333–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Preston GM, Carroll TP, Guggino WB, Agre P. Appearance of water channels in Xenopus Oocytes expressing red cell CHIP28 protein. Science. 1992;256:385–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Fujiwara TM, Bichet DG. Molecular biology of hereditary diabetes insipidus. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16:2836–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Grunfeld JP, Rossier BC. Lithium nephrotoxicity revisited. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2009;5:270–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Sands JM, Bichet DG. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:186–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Verbalis JG. Diabetes insipidus. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2003;4:177–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Hypernatremia. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1493–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Thurman JM, Haltermman TJ, Berl T. Therapy of dysnatremic disorders. In: Brady HR, Wilcox CS, editors. Therapy in nephrology and hypertension. 2nd ed. London: Saunders; 2003. p. 335–48.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bichet DG, Mallié J-P. Hypernatremia and the polyuric disorders. In: Dubose Jr TD, Hamm LL, editors. Acid–base and electrolyte disorders. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002. p. 241–70.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Rose BD. New approach to disturbances in the plasma sodium concentration. Am J Med. 1986;81:1033–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Kortenoeven ML, Li Y, Shaw S, Gaeggeler HP, Rossier BC, Wetzels JF, Deen PM. Amiloride blocks lithium entry through the sodium channel thereby attenuating the resultant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Kidney Int. 2009;76:44–53.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wells BG. Amiloride in lithium-induced polyuria. Ann Pharmacother. 1994;28:888–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim GH, Lee JW, Oh YK, Chang HR, Joo KW, Na KY, Earm JH, Knepper MA, Han JS. Antidiuretic effect of hydrochlorothiazide in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is associated with upregulation of aquaporin-2, Na-Cl co-transporter, and epithelial sodium channel. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:2836–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Loffing J. Paradoxical antidiuretic effect of thiazides in diabetes insipidus: another piece in the puzzle. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:2948–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Durr JA, Hoggard JG, Hunt JM, Schrier RW. Diabetes insipidus in pregnancy associated with abnormally high circulating vasopressinase activity. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:1070–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nephrology & Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, 3303 SW Bond Avenue, Portland, OR, 97239-3098, USA

    David H. Ellison M.D.

Authors
  1. David H. Ellison M.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David H. Ellison M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA

    Lynn Loriaux

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ellison, D.H. (2014). Diabetes Insipidus. In: Loriaux, L. (eds) Endocrine Emergencies. Contemporary Endocrinology, vol 74. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-697-9_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-697-9_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-62703-696-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-62703-697-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation