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Menopause-Related Physiological Changes and Their Possible Control Through Diet and Exercise

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Book cover Nutrition and Diet in Menopause

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

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Key Points

  • Menopause is a biological aging associated phenomenon coupled with a reduction in physical fitness, and sometimes combined with emotional disturbance.

  • Maintenance of as high level of physical fitness as possible, which has clear links to BMI and lipid profiles, is one of the methods of lessening these detrimental phenomena.

  • Walking, its variant Nordic-walking (NW), as well as jogging, and cycling are among the most popular physical activities reducing aging- and/or menopause-associated physical fitness deterioration.

  • The same advice as is given to the entire population to consume a moderate diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and low-fat dairy products is likely to reduce some of the negative effects linked to menopause. Increased consumption of soy appears to be justified as one way to alleviate some but by no means all of these.

  • Currently, Body Mass Index (BMI), serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), blood pressure, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) are often used as factors describing or linked to menopausal transition.

  • Changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during the menopausal transition are most probably solely due to age increase.

  • Much of the commonly seen changes in BMI, and serum concentrations of TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG are likely due to both the menopausal transition and biological age increase. However, culturally mediated changes in diet and exercise patterns at this stage in life may play a role in either worsening or protecting against these changes.

  • At present, we are not able to establish clear-cut dependencies between the influence of exercise and/or diet on these specific parameters defining the menopausal transition.

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Abbreviations

HRQoL:

Health related quality of life

NW:

Nordic-walking

W:

Walking

BMI:

Body mass index

TC:

Total cholesterol

TG:

Triglyceride levels

HDL-C:

High-density lipoprotein levels

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein levels

BP:

Blood pressure

LH:

Luteinizing hormone

FSH:

Follicle stimulating hormone

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Science, Jędrzej Śniadecki Academy of Physical Education and Sports, ul. Kazimierza Górskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańskt, Poland

    Igor Z. Zubrzycki Ph.D., D.Sc.

  2. Jędrzej Śniadecki Academy of Physical Education and Sports, ul. Kazimierza Gorskiego 1, 80-336, Gdańskt, Poland

    Magdalena Wiacek Ph.D.

  3. Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Wangsimni ro 222, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea

    Ted Greiner Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Igor Z. Zubrzycki Ph.D., D.Sc.
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  2. Magdalena Wiacek Ph.D.
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  3. Ted Greiner Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Igor Z. Zubrzycki Ph.D., D.Sc. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social, College of Health and Social Care, Department of Midwifery, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, United Kingdom

    Caroline J. Hollins Martin

  2. Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public, Health, and School of Medicine, University of Arizona, Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, 85724-5155, Arizona, USA

    Ronald Ross Watson

  3. Dept. Nutrition & Dietetics, King's College, Stamford St. 150, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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Zubrzycki, I.Z., Wiacek, M., Greiner, T. (2013). Menopause-Related Physiological Changes and Their Possible Control Through Diet and Exercise. In: Hollins Martin, C., Watson, R., Preedy, V. (eds) Nutrition and Diet in Menopause. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-373-2_3

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