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Nutrition in Infancy pp 17–37Cite as

Nutrition in Infants: Risks and Management

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Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Infancy is the stage of life with abrupt transition from fetal period to the neonatal phase during first year of childhood. Infancy creates a sudden need of necessary nutrients from external sources. Provision of adequate energy and nutrients is needed in the first year of life to support the most rapid growth and development period in a person’s life. From birth to 6 months of age about 108 calories per kilogram per day are needed; by 12 months a baby needs about 100 calories per kilogram per day. Since babies can eat only a small volume of food to support rapid growth, they require nutrient-dense, highly caloric foods. Fat must contribute at least 30 % of total calories to meet the demands of growth and development. Babies should double their birth weight by 4–6 months of age and triple it by 1 year. The key of proper infant growth is right proportion of essential and supplemented nutrients supply through mother milk or alternate nutrition formula. Unfortunately, growing dependence of infants on alternate milk formulas or artificial milk feeding is putting infants at the risk of obesity. On average, their length increases by 50 % in the first year of life. The present chapter puts forth the nutritional demands in infancy and importance of breast feeding during early first year of infancy. A comprehensive alternate of mother milk and importance of nutrients in mother and cow’s milk is highlighted. In the following section, importance of vitamins in infant growth and growing threat of weight gain and obesity is highlighted due to lack of maternal nutrition.

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  1. Center of Nanobiotechnology, Florida State University, 3150 Phillips Highway, Tallahassee, FL, 32207, USA

    Rakesh Sharma Ph.D., M.Sc.

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  1. Rakesh Sharma Ph.D., M.Sc.
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Correspondence to Rakesh Sharma Ph.D., M.Sc. .

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  1. Arizona Health Science Center, Mel and Enid Zuckerman, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin, Tucson, 85724-5155, Arizona, USA

    Ronald Ross Watson

  2. Centre for Gastroenterology, and Nutrition, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom

    George Grimble

  3. Dept. Nutrition & Dietetics, King's College, Stamford St. 150, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  4. Division of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, 85724, Arizona, USA

    Sherma Zibadi

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Sharma, R. (2013). Nutrition in Infants: Risks and Management. In: Watson, R., Grimble, G., Preedy, V., Zibadi, S. (eds) Nutrition in Infancy. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-224-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-224-7_2

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