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Chlamydiaceae

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Book cover Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections

Part of the book series: Infectious Disease ((ID))

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Abstract

The family of Gram-negative Chlamydiaceae bacteria is comprised of nine species, three of which are known to cause a diversity of diseases among humans that range from asymptomatic and mild to severe and debilitating. The common sites of infection are the eyes and respiratory tract in all age groups, and the urogenital tract, upper reproductive tract, and rectum primarily in adolescents and adults. The three species responsible for human disease are Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydia pneumonia, and Chlamydia psittaci, although C. pecorum and C. suis also likely play a role in ocular trachoma. While C. trachomatis is confined to humans, C. pneumoniae and C. psittaci have been isolated from other mammals and both mammals and birds, respectively. Infection does not elicit protective lasting immunity. Currently, there are no vaccines to prevent either these infections nor rapid, cost-effective diagnostics. Due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic infections and the high cost of screening, especially for sexually transmitted diseases due to C. trachomatis, there are large numbers of undiagnosed and untreated individuals who can transmit the organisms, fueling the high global prevalence of these infections. This chapter covers the history of these three species, their initial discovery and efforts at diagnosis along with the evolution of strain typing techniques. We conclude with a discussion of future typing methods for Chlamydia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA

    Troy Skwor & Deborah Dean M.D., MPH

  2. Rockford College, Rockford, IL, USA

    Troy Skwor

  3. University of California at San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Deborah Dean M.D., MPH

  4. University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Deborah Dean M.D., MPH

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  2. Deborah Dean M.D., MPH
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Correspondence to Deborah Dean M.D., MPH .

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  1. Instituto Nacional de Controle de, Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Ivano de Filippis

  2. Microbiology, BioReliance Corporation, Broschart Road 14920, Rockville, 20850, Maryland, USA

    Marian L. McKee

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Skwor, T., Dean, D. (2013). Chlamydiaceae. In: de Filippis, I., McKee, M. (eds) Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections. Infectious Disease. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-185-1_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-185-1_20

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