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Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine pp 353–375Cite as

Regenerative Medicine and the Foreign Body Response

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Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

The host response, and in particular the innate immune response, is critical to the successful application of tissue engineering to the reconstruction of injured or missing tissues. Cell-based, scaffold-based, and signal molecule-based strategies are utilized in regenerative medicine and each of these approaches elicits a distinct host immune response that has a significant impact upon the downstream outcome. Modulation, but not suppression of the immune component of wound healing appears to be essential for constructive remodeling of tissues and organs. Promotion of a pro-wound healing and anti-inflammatory response, and avoidance of the foreign body reaction is associated with a constructive functional remodeling outcome. While macrophages play a pivotal role in this response, other immune cells and the interactions between all cell types involved in tissue remodeling are also clearly important. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the host response to biomaterials including both the pro-inflammatory and resultant foreign body reaction, and the pro-wound healing, anti-inflammatory response that is associated with constructive remodeling.

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Abbreviations

bFGF:

Basic fibroblast growth factor

C5:

Complement cascade component 5

CCL:

Chemokine C–C ligand

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

CXCL:

Chemokine C–X–C ligand

DAMPs:

Damage-associated molecular patterns

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EDAC:

1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide; carbodiimide

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

IgG:

Immunoglobulin isotype G

IL:

Interleukin

iNOS:

Inducible nitric oxide synthetase

M1:

Classically activated macrophage

M2:

Alternatively activated macrophage

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PLGA:

Poly-lactic co-glycolic acid

RNI:

Reactive nitrogen intermediates

ROI:

Reactive oxygen intermediates

SIS:

Small intestinal submucosal ECM

TGF-α:

Transforming growth factor alpha

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor beta

Th:

T helper cell (either type 1 or 2)

TIMP:

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Kerry A. Daly & Stephen F. Badylak

  2. Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Bryan N. Brown

Authors
  1. Kerry A. Daly
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  2. Bryan N. Brown
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  3. Stephen F. Badylak
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Correspondence to Stephen F. Badylak .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerat, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, Cardiovascular Research Institute, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSE 1422, San Francisco, 94143, USA

    Harold S. Bernstein

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Daly, K.A., Brown, B.N., Badylak, S.F. (2011). Regenerative Medicine and the Foreign Body Response. In: Bernstein, H. (eds) Tissue Engineering in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-322-6_19

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