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Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors pp 57–78Cite as

Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer

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Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer and the second cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Despite advances in diagnosis, surgery, and new targeted agents for CRC, only a modest improvement in mortality has occurred for advanced disease. A growing body of evidence supports the idea that human cancers arise from a rare population of cells with stem cell-like properties which would be the pathological counterpart of the normal epithelial stem cell. These “cancer stem cells” (CSCs), firstly identified in hematologic malignancies, have been recently isolated in several solid tumors including CRC. The hypothesis that only a subset of cells drives tumor formation in CRC raises questions as to whether current therapies are able to efficiently eradicate the CSC population. This chapter will discuss different aspects of stem cell biology in the context of CRC that may contribute to understanding the mechanisms responsible for tumor development and therapy resistance.

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Abbreviations

ALDH1:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1

APC:

Adenomatous polyposis coli

Ascl2:

Achaete scute-like 2

bHLH:

Basic helix-loop-helix

BMP:

Bone morphogenetic protein

BMPR:

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor

CBC:

Crypt base columnar cells

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

CK20:

Cytokeratin 20

COX:

Cytochrome C oxidase

CRC:

Colorectal cancer

CSC:

Cancer stem cell

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EpCAM:

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule

EphB:

Ephrin B receptor

ESA:

Epithelial surface antigen

FAP:

Familial adenomatous polyposis

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

HNPCC:

Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer

IL-4:

Interleukin-4

JPS:

Juvenile polyposis syndrome

MLH1:

MutL homolog 1

mPAS:

Mild periodic acid-Schiff reagent staining

Msi-1:

Musashi-1

NOD/SCID:

Non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency

OAT:

O-acetyl transferase

OLFM4:

Olfactomedin-4

PDK1:

Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

PIP2 :

Phosphatidylinositol biphosphate

PIP3 :

Phosphatidylinositol triphosphate

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog

RBP-J:

Recombination signal-binding protein 1 for J-kappa

SC:

Stem cell

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy

    Mauro Biffoni, Eros Fabrizi & Lucia Ricci-Vitiani

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  1. Mauro Biffoni
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  2. Eros Fabrizi
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  3. Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
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Correspondence to Lucia Ricci-Vitiani .

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  1. Dept. Oncology & Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, Commissioners Road East 790, London, N6A 4L6, Ontario, Canada

    Alison L. Allan

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Biffoni, M., Fabrizi, E., Ricci-Vitiani, L. (2011). Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer. In: Allan, A. (eds) Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-246-5_4

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