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Spinal Cord Injury Pathophysiology and Progenitor Cell Therapy

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Book cover Progenitor Cell Therapy for Neurological Injury

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

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Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has devastating consequences, and there is currently no therapeutic intervention designed to repair the injury. Rather, most interventions (including some progenitor cell therapy approaches) are designed to minimize the consequences of the secondary cascade of deleterious pathophysiological events. The biomechanical differences in the pediatric versus adult spine may make the pediatric patient more anatomically amenable to progenitor cell therapies. This chapter describes SCI pathophysiology, injury mechanisms relevant to progenitor cell therapy, and the strategic approaches to the use of progenitor cell therapy for SCI. The preclinical proof-of-concept studies and translation into early clinical trials are reviewed.

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Abbreviations

AARF:

Atlanto-axial rotator fixation

AOD:

Atlanto-occipital dislocation

ASIA:

American Spinal Injury Association

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

BM-MNC:

Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell

BMP-4:

Bone morphogenic protein-4

CMG:

Cystometrogram

CNS:

Central nervous system

CSPG:

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan

EOEMA:

Ethoxy methacrylate

FDA:

US Food and Drug Administration

GCSF:

Granulocyte colony stimulation factor

GDA:

GRP-derived astrocyte

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor

GRP:

Glial restricted precursor cell

HEMA:

Hydroxyethyl methacrylate

HPMA:

S-Hydroxypropyl methacrylamide

hESC-OPC:

Human embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendroglial precursors cell

IV:

Intravenous

LP:

Lumbar puncture

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAPC:

Map of spinal column

MMP:

Matrix metalloproteinase

MNC:

Mononuclear cell

MPC:

Model spinal cord injury

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

PSCI:

Pediatric spinal cord injury

SCI:

Spinal cord injury

SCI-IDS:

Spinal cord injury-induced immune depression syndrome

SCIWORA:

Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality

SCNPC:

Spinal cord neural progenitor cell

SSEP:

Serial somatosensory evoked potential

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Memorial Hermann Healthcare System Physicians of Texas, 6400 Fannin St., Suite 2560, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    James E. Baumgartner

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  1. James E. Baumgartner
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Correspondence to James E. Baumgartner .

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  1. Medical School at Houston, Div. Pediatric Surgery, University Texas, Fannin Street 6431, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA

    S. Charles Jr.

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Baumgartner, J.E. (2011). Spinal Cord Injury Pathophysiology and Progenitor Cell Therapy. In: Charles, S. (eds) Progenitor Cell Therapy for Neurological Injury. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-965-9_8

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