Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive expiratory airflow limitation that is not fully reversible [1]. It is a chronic condition resulting from an abnormal inflammatory response to noxious particles or gases, such as tobacco smoke. Although the lungs are the primary organ affected by inflammation, significant inflammation also involves the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neuropsychiatric systems [1]. The elderly are particularly at risk for developing COPD due to aging-associated changes in physiologic and immune function.
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The authors thank Sarah Toombs Smith PhD, ELS, for her help in preparation of the manuscript.
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Shah, S.K., Nishi, S.P.E., Sharma, G. (2012). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Older Patients. In: Pisani, M. (eds) Aging and Lung Disease. Respiratory Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-727-3_4
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