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Nutrigenetics: The Relevance of Polymorphisms

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Bioactive Compounds and Cancer

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Key Points

1. Nutrigenetics has been defined as “an integrated framework that simultaneously examines genetics and associated polymorphisms with diet-related diseases” and may lead to a better understanding of how diet may influence cancer risk.

2. Nutrigenetics enables us to better understand mechanisms of action of numerous food components in relation to cancer risk, and to better clarify risk relationships by focusing on those most likely to be impacted based upon genetics.

3. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) can change the structure, function, and cellular content of a specific protein. If the SNPs are harbored in genes involved in the metabolism of drugs, environmental agents, or dietary components, then they may greatly affect how an individual responds to specific exposures.

4. Fruits and vegetables are sources of many bioactive food components that possess anticarcinogenic properties, and the intake of specific bioactive components found in fruits and vegetables modulate the relationship between genetic variants and cancer risk.

5. Individuals with defective endogenous protection from oxidative stress may benefit from dietary antioxidants. Conversely, the intake of fruits and vegetables may have little impact on cancer risk in subjects with higher endogenous antioxidant potential.

6. It should be noted that regardless of one’s genotype a balanced diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and low in meat and fats may be beneficial for overall health and well-being and prevention of numerous diseases other than cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Susan E. McCann PHD, RD, Michelle R. Roberts MA, Mary E. Platek PHD & Christine B. Ambrosone PHD

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  1. Susan E. McCann PHD, RD
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  2. Michelle R. Roberts MA
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  3. Mary E. Platek PHD
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  4. Christine B. Ambrosone PHD
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  1. Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Executive Boulevard 6130, Rockville, 20892, Maryland, USA

    John A. Milner

  2. Nutritional and Cancer Biology, BIO5 Institute and Center for Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721-0038, Arizona, USA

    Donato F. Romagnolo

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McCann, S.E., Roberts, M.R., Platek, M.E., Ambrosone, C.B. (2010). Nutrigenetics: The Relevance of Polymorphisms. In: Milner, J., Romagnolo, D. (eds) Bioactive Compounds and Cancer. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-627-6_4

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