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Nutritional Impact on the Nitric Oxide Pathway

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Book cover Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

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Key points

  • The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway is highly modulated by nutrition.

  • Dietary choices and interventions may modulate endothelial function.

  • The Mediterranean diet enhances endothelial vasodilator function and reduces major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

  • Increased dietary consumption of fish and other sources of omega-3 fatty acids improve NO activity, and also reduce MACE in those with cardiovascular disease.

  • A number of nutritional supplements may improve endothelial function by reducing oxidative stress, by restoring elements of the NOS pathway, or by ameliorating insulin resistance, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia; however, their long-term effects on MACE are unknown.

  • Some dietary supplements known to enhance the NOS pathway and improve endothelial vasodilator function in humans (Vitamin E, the B vitamins, and l-arginine) were ineffective at reducing MACE in large randomized clinical trials.

  • Thus, dietary interventions that improve endothelial vasodilator function in the short term might not necessarily have long-term benefit.

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  1. Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Clinic, 300 Pasteur Drive A260 MC 5319, Stanford, CA, 94305-2200, USA

    John P. Cooke

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    Nathan S. Bryan

  2. Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Francis St. 75, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA

    Joseph Loscalzo

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Wong, W.T., Cooke, J.P. (2011). Nutritional Impact on the Nitric Oxide Pathway. In: Bryan, N., Loscalzo, J. (eds) Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-616-0_7

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