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Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes pp 241–262Cite as

Immunoisolation in Cell Transplantation

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Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Cell therapy represents an increasingly promising approach for the cure of many chronic and degenerative disorders, such as type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and Parkinson’s disease. Replacement of diseased cells with healthy and functional cells could allow repair and restoration of organ function. This is particularly relevant for organs that execute highly-complex physiological tasks, such as the endocrine pancreas, which maintains glucose homeostasis. However, cell therapy based on the use of allogeneic primary adult cells or progenitor/stem cells faces several fundamental problems. In addition to the need to overcome allograft rejection, optimal function of the transplanted cells may be achieved only if they are embedded in a surrogate extracellular matrix that creates a three-dimensional tissue structure mimicking that of the normal tissue. Cell microencapsulation in artificial membranes made of highly-purified and biocompatible biopolymers can provide immunoprotection and preserve cell viability by allowing passage of oxygen and nutrients across the membrane and blocking humoral or cellular components of the host immune system. The microencapsulated cells are embedded in a three-dimensional configuration that mimics their original site and enhances their function. This chapter reviews the latest advances and applications of this technology, as well as its future prospects.

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Acknowledgments

Technical assistance of Dr. Pia Montanucci is gratefully acknowledged. This work has been supported by the Consorzio Interuniversitario per I Trapianti d’Organo, Rome, Italy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy

    Riccardo Calafiore & Giuseppe Basta

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  1. Riccardo Calafiore
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  2. Giuseppe Basta
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Correspondence to Riccardo Calafiore .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel

    Shimon Efrat

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Calafiore, R., Basta, G. (2010). Immunoisolation in Cell Transplantation. In: Efrat, S. (eds) Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-366-4_12

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