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Role of Maternal and Infant Malnutrition on the Development of the Inflammatory Response

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Dietary Components and Immune Function

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Key Points

The thrifty phenotype hypothesis holds that intrauterine malnutrition leads to an adaptive response that alters the fetal metabolic and hormonal milieu designed for intrauterine survival. This fetal programming predisposes individuals to several diseases in adulthood. Fetal nutrition is an important key regulator of fetal growth and thus an obvious candidate as a possible programming influence. Fetal overexposure to maternal glucocorticoids triggers programming events in utero; these effects appear to be relevant to changes in utero because there are strong correlations between birth weight, plasma cortisol concentrations, and the development of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Malnutrition, an important cause of immunosuppression and undernutrition during critical periods of gestation, neonatal maturation, and weaning, can lead to clinically significant immune deficiency and infections in children. Micronutrients have a relationship to antibody formation and the development of the immune system, and micronutrient deficiencies are related to poor growth, impaired intellect, and increased mortality, and susceptibility to infection.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Kwashiorkor is a type of severe malnutrition that usually manifests with edema, changes to hair and skin color, anemia, hepatomegaly, lethargy, severe immune deficiency, and early death (136).

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Rafael Larocca for expert assistance with the illustration. The authors acknowledge Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Tecnologia/Programa de apoio a Núcleos de Excelência (CNPq/PRONEX) for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Farmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 1754, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil

    Maristella A. Landgraf & Zuleica B. Fortes PHD

  2. Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av Lineu Prestes, 1730, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil

    Richardt G. Landgraf PHD (Senior associate research)

  3. Institute of Biomedical Science IV, Cidade Universitaria, University of São Paulo, Rua Prof. Lineu Prestes 1730, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil

    Richardt G. Landgraf PHD (Senior associate research)

Authors
  1. Maristella A. Landgraf
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  2. Richardt G. Landgraf PHD
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  3. Zuleica B. Fortes PHD
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Correspondence to Maristella A. Landgraf .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Health Sciences Center, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave. 1295, Tucson, 85724-5155, USA

    Ronald Ross Watson

  2. Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of, Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85724-5163, USA

    Sherma Zibadi

  3. Dept. Nutrition & Dietetics, King's College, Stamford St. 150, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

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Landgraf, M.A., Landgraf, R.G., Fortes, Z.B. (2010). Role of Maternal and Infant Malnutrition on the Development of the Inflammatory Response. In: Watson, R., Zibadi, S., Preedy, V. (eds) Dietary Components and Immune Function. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-061-8_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-061-8_3

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