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Pediatric Hypertension pp 179–208Cite as

Epidemiology of Essential Hypertension in Children: The Bogalusa Heart Study

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Part of the book series: Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases ((CHVD))

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases including heart attack and stroke remain the leading causes of death and disability in the United States (1). However, the adult heart diseases begin decades earlier (2). Observations from many well-established epidemiologic studies in adults have implicated risk factors, for example, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity, along with lifestyles of poor diet, smoking, and sedentary behavior, as related to the development of clinical heart disease (3–5). Unfortunately, hypertension is a major public health problem involving over 30% of the adult African-American population (6). Furthermore, a strong relationship has been demonstrated between cardiovascular risk factors and underlying atherosclerotic, hypertensive vascular abnormalities at autopsy both in adults and in children and adolescents (3,4). The occurrence of anatomic changes at a young age is the most compelling evidence that the adverse effects of risk factors such as hypertension are not limited to adult heart disease but that hypertensive cardiovascular–renal diseases begin in childhood (7,8). Epidemiologic studies at a young age now provide considerable understanding of the early natural history of high blood pressure and the hypertensive disease leading to clinical events. In this chapter we will summarize key findings from the Bogalusa Heart Study and other important works.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the children and families in Bogalusa who made this research possible. The joint effort of the many individuals who have contributed to this study is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Preventive Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Elaine M. Urbina MD, MS

  2. Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Sathanur R. Srinivasan PhD

  3. Department of Epidemiology, Tulane Center for Health, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Gerald S. Berenson MD

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  1. Elaine M. Urbina MD, MS
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  2. Sathanur R. Srinivasan PhD
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  3. Gerald S. Berenson MD
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Correspondence to Elaine M. Urbina MD, MS .

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  1. , Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Sand Point Way NE. 4800, Seattle, 98105, Washington, USA

    Joseph T. Flynn

  2. Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit St. 55, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA

    Julie R. Ingelfinger

  3. Global Clinical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Provinceline Road, Princeton, 08543, New Jersey, USA

    Ronald J. Portman

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Urbina, E.M., Srinivasan, S.R., Berenson, G.S. (2011). Epidemiology of Essential Hypertension in Children: The Bogalusa Heart Study. In: Flynn, J., Ingelfinger, J., Portman, R. (eds) Pediatric Hypertension. Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-824-9_11

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