Abstract
As defined by the NIH, erectile dysfunction (ED) is the repeated inability to get an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse (NIH consensus conference. Impotence. NIH consensus development panel on impotence. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, 83–90, 1993). The International Consultation on Sexual Medicine defined ED as the consistent or recurrent inability to attain and/or maintain penile erection sufficient for sexual performance (Jardin, Recommendations of the 1st International Consultation on Erectile Dysfunction. Plymouth, UK: Health Publications Ltd, 2000). These definitions exclude other causes of sexual dysfunction including decreased libido and premature ejaculation. According to most recent studies, 15–30 million men report sexual dysfunction. Impotence has been studied for hundreds of years, but not until the past few decades have we been able to understand and treat so effectively. Even in the early 1900s it was known that vascular, neurologic, and hormonal milieu played a part in erections as physicians performed dorsal vein ligations and testicular transplants. Aphrodisiacs were the oral therapy of the day and included Chinese herbs and other common plant and food items that supposedly affected both desire and potency. However, the complex physiologic, neurologic, and psychological interaction is just starting to be appreciated.
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McNamara, E.R., Donatucci, C.F. (2011). Oral Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction. In: McVary, K. (eds) Contemporary Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-536-1_8
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