Abstract
Despite better understanding and advances in oncology, the best available therapeutic option for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is surgical – either liver transplantation or resection. Liver transplantation appears most attractive since it treats the primary tumor and the field defect associated with the underlying liver disease. However, this option is feasible only when there are an adequate number of organs available and when the disease and patient meet certain stringent criteria. Most centers abide by the Milan criteria [1] to determine candidacy for liver transplantation. These are a single tumor ≦5 cm, two or three tumors all <3 cm, absence of major vascular invasion, and no extrahepatic disease. Unfortunately, only a minority of hepatoma patients fit these morphological parameters. Many other cirrhotic patients do not fulfill the requirements for transplantation due to comorbidity or psychosocial reasons.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, et al (1996) Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 334:693–699
Yao FY, Ferrell L, Bass NM, et al (2001) Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival. Hepatology 33:1394–1403
Livraghi T, Goldberg SN, Lazzaroni S, Meloni F, Solbiati L, Gazelle GS, et al (1999) Small hepatocellular carcinoma: treatment with radio-frequency ablation versus ethanol injection. Radiology 210:655–661
Zhou XD, Tang ZY (1998) Cryotherapy for primary liver cancer. Semin Surg Oncol 14:171–174
Shiina S, Tagawa K, Niwa Y, et al (1993) Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: results in 146 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 160(5):1023–1028
Matsukawa T, Yamashita Y, Arakawa A, et al (1997) Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy in liver tumors. A 3-year experience. Acta Radiol 38:410–415
Pacella CM, Bizzarri G, Guglielmi R, et al (2001) Laser thermal ablation in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma: results in 74 patients. Radiology 221:712–720
Llovet JM, Bruix J (2003) Systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Chemoembolization improves survival. Hepatology 37:429–442
Salem R, Lewandowski RJ, Atassi B, et al (2005) Treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with use of 90Y microspheres (TheraSphere): safety, tumor response, and survival. J Vasc Interv Radiol 16:1627–1639
Lau H, Man K, Fan ST, Yu WC, Lo CM, Wong J (1997) Evaluation of preoperative hepatic function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy. Br J Surg 84:1255–1259
Bryant R, Laurent A, Tayar C, et al (2008) Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 17:607–633, ix
Lau WY (1997) The history of liver surgery. J R Coll Surg Edinb 42:303–309
Buell JF, Thomas MT, Rudich S, et al (2008) Experience with more than 500 minimally invasive hepatic procedures. Ann Surg 248:475–486
Koffron AJ, Auffenberg G, Kung R, Abecassis M (2007) Evaluation of 300 minimally invasive liver resections at a single institution: less is more. Ann Surg 246:385–392
Nguyen KT, Gamblin TC, Geller DA (2008) Laparoscopic liver resection for cancer. Future Oncol 4:661–670
Vauthey JN, Chaoui A, Do KA, et al (2000) Standardized measurement of the future liver remnant prior to extended liver resection: methodology and clinical associations. Surgery 127:512–519
Makuuchi M, Sano K (2004) The surgical approach to HCC: our progress and results in Japan. Liver Transpl 10(2 Suppl 1):S46–S52
Gigot JF, Glineur D, Santiago Azagra J, et al (2002) Laparoscopic liver resection for malignant liver tumors: preliminary results of a multicenter European study. Ann Surg 236:90–97
Cherqui D, Laurent A, Tayar C, et al (2006) Laparoscopic liver resection for peripheral hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic liver disease: midterm results and perspectives. Ann Surg 243:499–506
Belli G, Fantini C, D’Agostino A, et al (2007) Laparoscopic versus open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with histologically proven cirrhosis: short- and middle-term results. Surg Endosc 21:2004–2011
Chen HY, Juan CC, Ker CG (2008) Laparoscopic liver surgery for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 15:800–806
Poon RT (2007) Current role of laparoscopic surgery for liver malignancies. Surg Technol Int 16:73–81
Buell JF, Koffron AJ, Thomas MJ, et al (2005) Laparoscopic liver resection. J Am Coll Surg 200:472–480
Santambrogio R, Aldrighetti L, Barabino M, et al (2009) Laparoscopic liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma. Is it a feasible option for patients with liver cirrhosis? Langenbecks Arch Surg 394:255–264
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ravindra, K.V., Buell, J.F. (2011). Laparoscopic Liver Surgery for the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The American Perspective. In: McMasters, K. (eds) Hepatocellular Carcinoma:. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-522-4_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-522-4_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-521-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-522-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)