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Aging and Longevity in Animal Models and Humans

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Life-Span Extension

Part of the book series: Aging Medicine ((AGME))

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Abstract

How many animal models are adequate to study human aging? Aging is an adaptive process performed by an integrated panel of evolutionarily selected mechanisms aimed at maintaining soma integrity. The possibility of extrapolating results from animal models to human beings has to be addressed in an ecological context. Model systems fit basic requirements of scientific research, and experimental animals show a series of advantages for the study of aging and longevity in humans. However, animal models have intrinsic constraints because they are artificial: Humans are not inbred and live in different conditions from both an environmental and a socio-anthropological-cultural point of view. Even if research on aging and longevity has been performed primarily in model systems such as yeast, worms, and flies, results obtained in humans are not only of basic importance but are also largely unexpected, probably because of the peculiar characteristics of humans (protected environment, culture, economic conditions, stochasticity). In some cases, studies in animal models or humans have led to analogous results, largely because basic mechanisms involved in aging have been conserved throughout evolution. In other cases, results are different or even opposite, as is described in this chapter. Animal models are often not sufficiently adequate for the study of human longevity, but their usefulness in achieving knowledge at different levels (molecular, cellular, physiological, behavioral) is unquestionable. Thus, it seems that the concomitant and integrated use of ad hoc models, also comparing different species, together with new in silico and high throughput strategies, will be the general framework within which studies on human aging and longevity should be performed to accelerate the identification of new determinants of healthy aging and longevity.

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Abbreviations

CR:

Caloric restriction

FOXO1A:

Forkhead box 01A

IGF-I:

Insulin-like growth factor I

IGF-IR:

Insulin-like growth factor I receptor

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-κB

PI3KCB:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PON1:

Paraoxonase 1

VNTR:

Variable number tandem repeat

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by EU (European Union) Grant “PROTEOMAGE” Contract n. FP6–518230; the PRRIITT program of the Emilia-Romagna Region (and Fondi Strutturali Obiettivo 2); Italian Ministry of Health Grant “Progetto Finalizzato Studio delle differenze uomo-donna nei meccanismi patogenetici delle malattie cardiovascolari” to CF; Italian Ministry of University and Research (MiUR) PRIN 2006 Project to CF and DM (# 2006061707), SS (# 2006063387); University of Bologna Grant “Ricerca Fondamentale Orientata (RFO ex 60%) 2007” to CF, SS and MC; Roberto and Cornelia Pallotti Legacy for Cancer Research Grants to CF, SS and MC. University of Bologna Progetti Strategici 2006 grant “p53 e patologie non neoplastiche nell’anziano: uno studio multidisciplinare sul ruolo del polimorfismo al codone 72 del gene TP53” to SS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Miriam Capri, Stefano Salvioli, Elisa Cevenini, Laura Celani, Federica Sevini, Elena Bellavista, Catia Lanzarini, Stella Lukas, Paolo Tieri, Francesco Lescai & Claudio Franceschi

  2. C.I.G.-Interdepartmental Centre “L. Galvani,” University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Miriam Capri, Stefano Salvioli, Elisa Cevenini, Laura Celani, Federica Sevini, Elena Bellavista, Catia Lanzarini, Stella Lukas, Paolo Tieri, Francesco Lescai & Claudio Franceschi

  3. Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy

    Daniela Monti

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  1. Miriam Capri
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Correspondence to Claudio Franceschi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, Drexel University, North 15th St. 245, Philadelphia, 19102, U.S.A.

    Christian Sell

  2. College of Medicine, Drexel University, North 15th St. 245, Philadelphia, 19102, U.S.A.

    Antonello Lorenzini

  3. School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, N. Columbia Road 501, Grand Forks, 58203, U.S.A.

    Holly M. Brown-Borg

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Capri, M. et al. (2009). Aging and Longevity in Animal Models and Humans. In: Sell, C., Lorenzini, A., Brown-Borg, H. (eds) Life-Span Extension. Aging Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-507-1_11

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