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Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation

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Immunoendocrinology: Scientific and Clinical Aspects

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

Summary

The “metabolic syndrome” is a cluster of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including abdominal obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. These components reflecting overnutrition, sedentary lifestyles, and resultant excess adiposity may associate with various conditions and therefore multiple definitions were developed over time. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing at rates paralleling the epidemic prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the USA as well as in the rest of the world including the developing nations. Unlike autoimmune diabetes, accumulating evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome is strongly linked to chronic systemic inflammation. The presence of metabolic syndrome is associated with an approximate doubling of cardiovascular disease risk and a fivefold increased risk for incident type 2 diabetes. Although it is unclear whether a unifying pathophysiological mechanism results in the presence of the specific clinical clusters of the metabolic syndrome, abdominal adiposity with subsequent chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress and insulin resistance appear to play a central role. Landmark investigations of the inflammasome activity provide great potential for insights into the molecular basis for the inflammatory nature of metabolic syndrome beginning a story that continues to unfold. The evolving concept of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and hypertension as having common inflammatory components provides new opportunities for developing strategies, currently underway, to correct the metabolic consequences of metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Rodica Pop-Busui

  2. Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, The Brehm Center for Type 1 Diabetes Research and Analysis, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Massimo Pietropaolo

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  1. Rodica Pop-Busui
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  1. Health Sciences Center, Children's Hospital, University of Colorado, East 9th Avenue 4200, Denver, 80262, Colorado, USA

    George S. Eisenbarth

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Pop-Busui, R., Pietropaolo, M. (2011). Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation. In: Eisenbarth, G. (eds) Immunoendocrinology: Scientific and Clinical Aspects. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-478-4_5

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