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Non-Insulin Injectables

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Type 2 Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome

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Abstract

The description of the incretin effect was first described in 1964 by Elwick when he observed a greater insulin secretory response if glucose was administered orally compared to intravenously despite similar elevations in plasma glucose. This incretin effect is attributed to the release of peptide hormones from the K and L cells in the intestines in the response to eating, so that approximately 60% of the insulin subsequently secreted is related directly to the effect of incretins [1]. Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is secreted by the L cells, suppresses postprandial glucagon secretion, reduces appetite and stimulates insulin secretion in a dose dependent manner.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pennsylvania Health System Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Ronald A. Codario MD, FACP (Clinical Instructor in Medicine)

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  1. Ronald A. Codario MD, FACP
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Diplomate American Board of Internal Medicine

Diplomate American Board of Clinical Lipidology

Diplomate American Board of Vascular Medicine

Clinical Hypertension Specialist (American Society of Hypertension Certified)

Vascular Ultrasound (American Registry of Diagnostic Sonography Certified)

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Codario, R.A. (2011). Non-Insulin Injectables. In: Type 2 Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes, and the Metabolic Syndrome. Current Clinical Practice. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-441-8_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-441-8_8

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-440-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-441-8

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