Abstract
The menstrual cycle can affect IBD symptoms. Women with IBD are more likely to develop abnormal cervical cytology. Fertility is not affected in UC, but can be in active CD. There is no increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes in quiescent IBD. Active disease at conception increases the risk for adverse outcomes during pregnancy. The majority of medications for IBD are safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding – active disease is more deleterious than active therapy.
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Kane, S., Kowalczyk, R. (2011). Caring for Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Cohen, R. (eds) Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clinical Gastroenterology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-433-3_13
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