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Resistant Hypertension: Etiology, Evaluation and Management

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Diabetes and Hypertension

Part of the book series: Contemporary Diabetes ((CDI))

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Abstract

Resistant hypertension is defined as a failure to achieve goal blood pressure (BP) with maximum tolerated doses of three antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic or control of BP with four or more antihypertensive drugs of different classes at optimal doses. The diagnosis of resistant hypertension requires use of appropriate BP technique to confirm persistently elevated BP levels and exclusion of pseudoresistance due to patient nonadherence with medications, physician nonadherence with hypertension guidelines or medication underdosing, and white coat hypertension. This condition might indicate the presence of secondary causes of hypertension. Although the true prevalence of resistance hypertension is currently unknown, population studies and clinical trials suggest that 20–35 % of hypertensive population have resistant hypertension. According to the 2002 World Health Report, uncontrolled BP is the most common attributable risk for death worldwide, being responsible for about 50 % of coronary heart disease and 62 % of stroke.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    Oladipupo Olafiranye

  2. Department of Medicine, Sleep Disorder and Disparity Centers, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, 1199, Brooklyn, NY, 11203-2098, USA

    Sidrah Mahmud, Ferdinand Zizi & Girardin Jean-louis Ph.D.

  3. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, SUNY-Downstate and Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA

    Samy I. McFarlane M.D., M.P.H., M.B.A.

  4. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Gbenga Ogedegbe M.D.

Authors
  1. Oladipupo Olafiranye
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  2. Sidrah Mahmud
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  3. Ferdinand Zizi
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  4. Samy I. McFarlane M.D., M.P.H., M.B.A.
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  5. Girardin Jean-louis Ph.D.
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  6. Gbenga Ogedegbe M.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gbenga Ogedegbe M.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. County Hospital, Division of Endocrinology,, SUNY-Downstate and Kings, 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, 11203, New York, USA

    Samy I. McFarlane

  2. ASH Comprehensive Hypertension Center, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC1027, Chicago, 60637, Illinois, USA

    George L. Bakris

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Olafiranye, O., Mahmud, S., Zizi, F., McFarlane, S.I., Jean-louis, G., Ogedegbe, G. (2012). Resistant Hypertension: Etiology, Evaluation and Management. In: McFarlane, S., Bakris, G. (eds) Diabetes and Hypertension. Contemporary Diabetes. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-357-2_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-357-2_6

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-356-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-357-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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