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Reactive Oxygen Species, Synaptic Plasticity, and Memory

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Book cover Oxidative Neural Injury

Part of the book series: Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience ((CCNE))

Abstract

Increasing evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, act as signaling molecules necessary for neuronal processes underlying cognition. Specifically, ROS have been shown to be necessary in molecular processes underlying signal transduction, synaptic plasticity, and memory formation. Research from several laboratories suggests that NADPH oxidase is an important source of superoxide in the brain. Herein we review evidence showing that ROS are important signaling molecules involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Moreover, we will discuss the evidence that a neuronal NADPH oxidase complex is a key regulator of ROS generation in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Understanding redox signaling in the brain, including the sources and molecular targets of ROS, is important for a full understanding of the signaling pathways that underlie synaptic plasticity and memory. Moreover, knowledge of ROS function in the brain is critical for understanding aging and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease that may be exacerbated by the unregulated generation of ROS.

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Abbreviations

CaM –:

calmodulin

CaMKII –:

calmodulin dependent kinase II

CnA –:

calcineurin

DCF –:

dichlorofluorescein

DHR –:

dihydrorhodamine

DPI –:

diphenylene iodonium

EC-SOD –:

extracellular-superoxide dismutase

E-LTP –:

early long-term potentiation

ERK –:

extracellular signal-regulated kinase

FCCP –:

carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone

fEPSPs –:

field excitatory postsynaptic potentials

H2O2 –:

hydrogen peroxide

HFS –:

high-frequency stimulation

HFS-LTP –:

high-frequency stimulation induced long-term potentiation

IFN-γ –:

interferon gamma

KA –:

kainic acid

L-NAME –:

N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester

L-NMMA –:

N-methyl-l-arginine acetate

L-NNA –:

nitro-l-arginine

LPS –:

lipopolysacharide

LTP –:

long-term potentiation

NG –:

neurogranin

NMDA –:

N-methyl-d-aspartate

NO –:

nitric oxide

NOS –:

nitric oxide synthatse

PKC –:

protein kinase C

PLA2 –:

phospholipase A2

PMA –:

phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate

PP2B –:

protein phosphase 2B

PrPc –:

prion protein

PTP –:

post-tetanic potentiation

ROS –:

reactive oxygen species

SOD –:

superoxide dismutase

TPEN –:

N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine

X/XO –:

xanthine/xanthine oxidase

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  1. Computational Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Kenneth T. Kishida

  2. Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, USA

    Eric Klann

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    Kishida, K.T., Klann, E. (2009). Reactive Oxygen Species, Synaptic Plasticity, and Memory. In: Veasey, S. (eds) Oxidative Neural Injury. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-342-8_1

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