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Cortico-Subcortical Dynamics in Parkinson's Disease pp 23–34Cite as

Modeling Parkinson’s Disease: 50 Years Later

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Part of the book series: Contemporary Neuroscience ((CNEURO))

The aromatic amino acid l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalamine (also known as l-dopa or levodopa) was first synthesized by Casimir Funk (Berne, Switzerland) in 1911 and 2 years later, it was isolated from legumes (Vicia faba) by Marcus Guggenheim (a Hoffmann-La Roche biochemist, 1913). However, it was not until the discovery of the enzyme “l-dopa decarboxylase” by Peter Holtz in Germany in 1938 that the formulation of the “catecholamine pathway” could be introduced by Hermann Blaschko (Physiological Laboratory at Cambridge, UK) in 1939: l-tyrosine → l-dopa → dopamine (DA) → noradrenaline → adrenaline. A new direction in the research of catecholamine pharmacology was initiated by Hotlz’s experiment in mammalian kidney homogenates showing that a decarboxylation of l-dopa yields to the formation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, a biologically active amine also known as “dopamine”, a short version of the full chemical name introduced by Henry Dale years later in 1952.

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    Meredith, G.E., Tseng, K.Y. (2009). Modeling Parkinson’s Disease: 50 Years Later. In: Tseng, KY. (eds) Cortico-Subcortical Dynamics in Parkinson's Disease. Contemporary Neuroscience. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-252-0_2

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