Abstract
The close relationship between the physical and mental health of individuals with diabetes has been clearly demonstrated. This is most evident in eating disorders and depression, two common mental health problems in women with diabetes. The presence of either or both of these problems can interfere significantly with the ability to achieve optimal metabolic control and can lead to an increased risk of diabetes-related medical complications. There is a substantial female preponderance in the occurrence of eating disorders, due to gender-related factors. Depression is also more common in women, an association that has been linked to socioeconomic factors and adverse life events experienced more frequently by women. Effective treatments are available for both of these comorbid conditions, although evidence suggests that they are often overlooked in medical settings. Treatment of these mental health problems in individuals with diabetes has the potential to improve outcomes with regard to diabetes and other health states, as well as overall well-being.
This chapter provides an introduction to eating disorders and depression in association with diabetes, the potential mechanisms that account for this association and the detection and management of these comorbid conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn, Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000
Garfinkel PE, Lin E, Goering P, et al. Bulimia nervosa in a Canadian community sample: prevalence and comparison of subgroups. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1052–8
Gartner AF, Marcus RN, Halmi K, Loranger AW. DSM-III-R personality disorders in patients with eating disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1989;146:1585–91
Keel PK, Mitchell JE, Miller KB, Davis TL, Crow SJ. Predictive validity of bulimia nervosa as a diagnostic category. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:136–8
Wilson JR. Bulimia nervosa: occurrence with psychoactive substance use disorders. Addict Behav 1992;17:603–7
Fornari V, Kaplan M, Sandberg D, Matthews M, Skolnick N, Katz J. Depressive and anxiety disorders in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 1992;12:21–9
Kennedy SH, Kaplan AS, Garfinkel PE, Rockert W, Toner B. Depression in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: discriminating depressive symptoms and episodes. J Psychosom Res 1994;38:773–82
Kruger S, McVey G, Kennedy SH. The changing profile of anorexia nervosa at the Toronto Programme for Eating Disorders. J Psychosom Res 1998;45:533–47
Sullivan PF, Bulik CM, Carter FA, Gendall KA, Joyce PR. The significance of a prior history of anorexia in bulimia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 1996;20:253–61
Wiederman M, Pryor T. Body dissatisfaction, bulimia, and depression among women: the mediating role of drive for thinness. Int J Eat Disord 2000;27:90–5
Connors ME, Johnson CL. Epidemiology of bulimia and bulimic behaviors. Addict Behav 1987;12:165–79
Kaye WH, Gwirtsman HE, George DT, Weiss SR, Jimerson DC. Relationship of mood alterations to bingeing behaviour in bulimia. Br J Psychiatry 1986;149:479–85
Steinhausen HC. The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:1284–93
Dorian BJ, Garfinkel PE. The contributions of epidemiologic studies to the etiology and treatment of the eating disorders. Psychiatr Ann 1999;29:187–92
Woodside DB, Kennedy S. Gender differences in eating disorders. In: Seeman M, (ed.). Gender and Psychopathology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1995, pp. 253–68
Gowers SG, Shore A. Development of weight and shape concerns in the aetiology of eating disorders. Br J Psychiatry 2001;179:236–42
Striegel-Moore R. Etiology of binge eating: a developmental perspective. In: Fairburn CG, Wilson GT, (eds.). Binge Eating: Nature, Treatment and Assessment. New York, NY: Guilford Press; 1993, pp. 144–72
Crisp AH. Anorexia Nervosa: Let Me Be. Hillsdale, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1995
Pumariega AJ. Acculturation and eating attitudes in adolescent girls: a comparative and correlational study. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1986;25:276–9
Keel PK, Klump KL. Are eating disorders culture-bound syndromes? Implications for conceptualizing their etiology. Psychol Bull 2003;129:747–69
Graber JA, Brooks-Gunn J, Paikoff RL, Warren MP. Prediction of eating problems: an 8-year study of adolescent girls. Dev Psychol 1994;30:823–34
Huon GF, Walton CJ. Initiation of dieting among adolescent females. Int J Eat Disord 2000;28:226–30
Leon GR, Fulkerson JA, Perry CL, Cudeck R. Personality and behavioral vulnerabilities associated with risk status for eating disorders in adolescent girls. J Abnorm Psychol 1993;102:438–44
Pike KM, Rodin J. Mothers, daughters, and disordered eating. J Abnorm Psychol 1991;100:198–204
Swarr AE, Richards MH. Longitudinal effects of adolescent girls’ pubertal development, perceptions of pubertal timing, and parental relations on eating problems. Dev Psychol 1996;32:636–46
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Research Group. Weight gain associated with intensive therapy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care 1988;11:567–73
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Research Group. Influence of intensive diabetes treatment on body weight and composition of adults with type I diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1711–21
Rodin GM, Daneman D. Eating disorders and IDDM. A problematic association. Diabetes Care 1992;15:1402–12
Rodin G, Craven J, Littlefield C, Murray M, Daneman D. Eating disorders and intentional insulin undertreatment in adolescent females with diabetes. Psychosomatics 1991;32:171–6
Colton PA, Rodin GM, Olmsted MP, Daneman D. Eating disturbances in young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: mechanisms and consequences. Psychiatr Ann 1999;29:213–8
Maharaj S, Rodin G, Connolly J, Olmsted M, Daneman D. Eating problems and the observed quality of mother-daughter interactions among girls with type 1 diabetes. J Consult Clin Psychol 2001;69:950–8
de Groot J, Rodin G. Coming alive: the psychotherapeutic treatment of women with eating disorders. Can J Psychiatry 1998;43:359–66
Killen JD, Taylor CB, Hayward C, et al. Pursuit of thinness and onset of eating disorder symptoms in a community sample of adolescent girls: a three-year prospective analysis. Int J Eat Disord 1994;16:227–38
Patton GC, Selzer R, Coffey C, Carlin JB, Wolfe R. Onset of adolescent eating disorders: population based cohort study over 3 years. Br Med J 1999;318:765–8
Attie I, Brooks-Gunn J. Development of eating problems in adolescent girls: a longitudinal study. Dev Psychol 1989;25:70–9
Gardner RM, Stark K, Friedman BN, Jackson NA. Predictors of eating disorder scores in children ages 6 through 14: a longitudinal study. J Psychosom Res 2000;49:199–205
King MB. The natural history of eating pathology in attenders to primary medical care. Int J Eat Disord 1991;10:379–87
Patton GC, Johnson-Sabine E, Wood K, Mann AH, Wakeling A. Abnormal eating attitudes in London schoolgirls – a prospective epidemiological study: outcome at twelve month follow-up. Psychol Med 1990;20:383–94
Kotler LA, Cohen P, Davies M, Pine DS, Walsh BT. Longitudinal relationships between childhood, adolescent, and adult eating disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001;40:1434–40
Domargard A, Sarnblad S, Kroon M, Karlsson I, Skeppner G, Aman J. Increased prevalence of overweight in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Acta Paediatr Scand 1999;88:1223–8
Holl RW, Grabert M, Sorgo W, Heinze E, Debatin KM. Contributions of age, gender and insulin administration to weight gain in subjects with IDDM. Diabetologia 1998;41:542–7
Field AE, Camargo CA, Taylor CB, et al. Overweight, weight concerns, and bulimic behaviors among girls and boys. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999;38:754–60
Richards MH, Casper RC, Larson R. Weight and eating concerns among pre- and young adolescent boys and girls. J Adolesc Health Care 1990;11:203–9
Shearer JE, Bryon M. The nature and prevalence of eating disturbances and eating disorders in adolescents with cystic fibrosis. J R Soc Med 2004;97(Suppl. 4):36–42
Smith FM, Latchford GJ, Dickson RA. Do chronic medical conditions increase the risk of eating disorders? A cross-sectional investigation of eating pathology in adolescent females with scoliosis and diabetes. J Adolesc Health 2008;42:58–63
Rosmark B, Berne C, Holmgren S, Lago C, Renholm G, Sohlberg S. Eating disorders in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Psychiatry 1986;47:547–50
Steel JM, Young RJ, Lloyd GG, Macintyre CCA. Abnormal eating attitudes in young insulin-dependent diabetics. Br J Psychiatry 1989;155:515–21
Wing RR, Nowalk MP, Marcus MD, Koeske R, Finegold D. Subclinical eating disorders and glycemic control in adolescents with type I diabetes. Diabetes Care 1986;9:162–7
Svensson M, Engstrom I, Aman J. Higher drive for thinness in adolescent males with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared with healthy controls. Acta Paediatr 2003;92:114–7
Daneman D, Rodin G, Jones J, et al. Eating disorders in adolescent girls and young adult women with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum 2002;15:83–106
Nielsen S. Eating disorders in females with type 1 diabetes: an update of a meta-analysis. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2002;10:241–54
Colton P, Olmsted M, Daneman D, Rydall A, Rodin G. Disturbed eating behavior and eating disorders in pre-teen and early teenage girls with type 1 diabetes: a case-controlled study. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1654–9
Engstrom I, Kroon M, Arvidsson CG, Segnestam K, Snellman K, Aman J. Eating disorders in adolescent girls with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a population-based case-control study. Acta Paediatr 1999;88:175–80
Fairburn CG, Peveler RC, Davies B, Mann JI, Mayou RA. Eating disorders in young adults with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a controlled study. Br Med J 1991;303:17–20
Jones JM, Lawson ML, Daneman D, Olmsted MP, Rodin G. Eating disorders in adolescent females with and without type 1 diabetes: cross sectional study. Br Med J 2000;320:1563–6
Mannucci E, Ricca V, Mezzani B, et al. Eating attitude and behavior in IDDM patients. Diabetes Care 1995;18:1503–4
Striegel-Moore RH, Nicholson TJ, Tamborlane WV. Prevalence of eating disorder symptoms in preadolescent and adolescent girls with IDDM. Diabetes Care 1992;15:1361–8
Vila G, Nollet-Clemencon C, Vera L, Crosnier H, Robert J-J, Mouren-Simeoni M-C. Étude des troubles des conduites alimentaires dans une population d’adolescentes souffrant de diabète insulino-dépendant. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie 1993;38:606–10
Vila G, Robert JJ, Nollet-Clemencon C, et al. Eating and emotional disorders in adolescent obese girls with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995;4:270–9
Peveler RC, Fairburn CG, Boller I, Dunger DB. Eating disorders in adolescents with IDDM: a controlled study. Diabetes Care 1992;15:1356–60
Herpertz S, Albus C, Lichtblau K, Kohle K, Mann K, Senf W. Relationship of weight and eating disorders in type 2 diabetes patients: a multicenter study. Int J Eat Disord 2000;28:68–77
Mannucci E, Tesi F, Ricca V, et al. Eating behavior in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002;26:848–53
Bryden KS, Peveler RC, Stein A, Neil A, Mayou RA, Dunger DB. Clinical and psychological course of diabetes from adolescence to young adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1536–40
Mortensen HB, Hougaard P. Comparison of metabolic control in a cross-sectional study of 2,873 children and adolescents with IDDM from 18 countries. The Hvidore Study Group on Childhood Diabetes. Diabetes Care 1997;20:714–20
Amiel SA, Sherwin RS, Simonson DC, Lauritano AA, Tamborlane WV. Impaired insulin action in puberty: a contributing factor to poor glycemic control in adolescents with diabetes. N Engl J Med 1986;315:215–9
Rydall AC, Rodin GM, Olmsted MP, Devenyi RG, Daneman D. Disordered eating behavior and microvascular complications in young women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1849–54
Colton PA, Olmsted MP, Daneman D, Rydall AC, Rodin GM. 5-Year prevalence and persistence of disturbed eating behavior and eating disorders in girls with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30:2861–2
Biggs MM, Basco MR, Patterson G, Raskin P. Insulin withholding for weight control in women with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1994;17:1186–9
Polonsky WH, Anderson BJ, Lohrer PA, Aponte JE, Jacobson AM, Cole CF. Insulin omission in women with IDDM. Diabetes Care 1994;17:1178–85
Bryden KS, Neil A, Mayou R, Peveler R, Fairburn C, Dunger D. Eating habits, body weight and insulin misuse: a longitudinal study of teenagers and young adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999;22:1956–60
Peveler RC, Bryden KS, Neil HA, et al. The relationship of disordered eating habits and attitudes to clinical outcomes in young adult females with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28:84–8
Affenito SG, Backstrand JR, Welch GW, Lammi-Keefe CJ, Rodriguez NR, Adams CH. Subclinical and clinical eating disorders in IDDM negatively affect metabolic control. Diabetes Care 1997;20:182–4
Colas C, Mathieu P, Tehobroutsky G. Eating disorders and retinal lesions in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic women. Diabetologia 1991;34:288
Steel JM, Young RJ, Lloyd GG, Clarke BF. Clinically apparent eating disorders in young diabetic women: associations with painful neuropathy and other complications. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987;294:859–62
Ward A, Troop N, Cachia M, Watkins P, Treasure J. Doubly disabled: diabetes in combination with an eating disorder. Postgrad Med J 1995;71:546–50
Friedman S, Vila G, Timsit J, Boitard C, Mouren-Simeoni MC. Eating disorders and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): relationships with glycaemic control and somatic complications. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998;97:206–12
Affenito SG, Lammi-Keefe CJ, Vogel S, Backstrand JR, Welch GW, Adams CH. Women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) complicated by eating disorders are at risk for exacerbated alterations in lipid metabolism. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997;51:462–6
Nielsen S, Emborg C, Molbak AG. Mortality in concurrent type 1 diabetes and anorexia nervosa. Diabetes Care 2002;25(2):309–12
Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). J Am Med Assoc 2003;289:3095–105
Burvill PW. Recent progress in the epidemiology of major depression. Epidemiol Rev 1995;17(1):21–31
Rodin G, Nolan RP, Katz MR. Depression (in the Medically Ill). In: Levenson J, (ed.). Textbook of Psychosomatic Medicine. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 2004. pp. 113–217
de Groot M, Anderson R, Freedland KE, Clouse RE, Lustman PJ. Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis. Psychosom Med 2001;63:619–30
Eaton WW. Epidemiologic evidence on the comorbidity of depression and diabetes. J Psychosom Res 2002;53:903–6
Egede LE, Zheng D, Simpson K. Comorbid depression is associated with increased health care use and expenditures in individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:464–70
Grey M, Whittemore R, Tamborlane W. Depression in type 1 diabetes in children: natural history and correlates. J Psychosom Res 2002;53:907–11
Lustman PJ, Clouse RE. Depression in diabetic patients: the relationship between mood and glycemic control. J Diabetes Complications 2005;19:113–22
Anderson RJ, Freedland KE, Clouse RE, Lustman PJ. The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1069–78
Kovacs M, Goldston D, Obrosky DS, Bonar LK. Psychiatric disorders in youths with IDDM: rates and risk factors. Diabetes Care 1997;20:36–44
Peyrot M, Rubin RR. Persistence of depressive symptoms in diabetic adults. Diabetes Care 1999;22:448–52
Eaton WW, Armenian H, Gallo J, Pratt L, Ford DE. Depression and risk for onset of type II diabetes. A prospective population-based study. Diabetes Care 1996;19:1097–102
Zhang X, Norris SL, Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Beckles G, Kahn HS. Depressive symptoms and mortality among persons with and without diabetes. Am J Epidemiol 2005;161:652–60
Katon WJ, Rutter C, Simon G, et al. The association of comorbid depression with mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28:2668–72
Egede LE, Nietert PJ, Zheng D. Depression and all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality among adults with and without diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1339–45
Piccinelli M, Wilkinson G. Gender differences in depression: critical review. Br J Psychiatry 2000;177:486–92
Nau DP, Aikens JE, Pacholski AM. Effects of gender and depression on oral medication adherence in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Gend Med 2007;4:205–13
Peyrot M, Rubin RR. Levels and risks of depression and anxiety symptomatology among diabetic adults. Diabetes Care 1997;20:585–90
Fisher L, Skaff MM, Mullan JT, et al. Clinical depression versus distress among patients with type 2 diabetes: not just a question of semantics. Diabetes Care 2007;30:542–8
Wing RR, Phelan S, Tate D. The role of adherence in mediating the relationship between depression and health outcomes. J Psychosom Res 2002;53:877–81
Van Tilburg MA, McCaskill CC, Lane JD, et al. Depressed mood is a factor in glycemic control in type 1 diabetes. Psychosom Med 2001;63:551–5
Jacobson AM, Samson JA, Weinger K, Ryan CM. Diabetes, the brain, and behavior: is there a biological mechanism underlying the association between diabetes and depression? Int Rev Neurobiol 2002;51:455–79
Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997;349:1498–504
Moussavi S, Chatterji S, Verdes E, Tandon A, Patel V, Ustun B. Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: results from the World Health Surveys. Lancet 2007;370:851–8
Simon GE, Katon WJ, Lin EHB, et al. Diabetes complications and depression as predictors of health services costs. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2005;27:344–51
Kalsekar ID, Madhavan ASM, Amonkar MM, Scott V, Douglas SM, Makela E. The effect of depression on health care utilization and costs in patients with type 2 diabetes. Manag Care Interface 2006;19:39–46
Simon GE. Social and economic burden of mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2003;54:208–15
Lustman PJ, Anderson RJ, Freedland KE, de Groot M, Carney RM, Clouse RE. Depression and poor glycemic control: a meta-analytic review of the literature. Diabetes Care 2000;23:934–42
Gonzalez JS, Safren SA, Cagliero E, et al. Depression, self-care, and medication adherence in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30:2222–7
Kinder LS, Kamarck TW, Baum A, Orchard TJ. Depressive symptomatology and coronary heart disease in Type I diabetes mellitus: a study of possible mechanisms. Health Psychol 2002;21:542–52
Mokdad AH, Bowman BA, Ford ES, Vinicor F, Marks JS, Koplan JP. The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. J Am Med Assoc 2001;286:1195–200
US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health, 2nd edn. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2000
Baskin ML, Ard J, Franklin F, Allison DB. Prevalence of obesity in the United States. Obes Rev 2005;6:5–7
Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents and adults, 1999–2002. J Am Med Assoc 2004;291:2847–50
Lim W, Thomas KS, Bardwell WA, Dimsdale JE. Which measures of obesity are related to depressive symptoms and in whom? Psychosomatics 2008;49:23–8
Istvan J, Zavela K, Weidner G. Body weight and psychological distress in NHANES, I. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992;16:999–1003
Carpenter KM, Hasin DS, Allison DB, Faith MS. Relationships between obesity and DSM-IV major depressive disorder, suicide ideation, and suicide attempts: results from a general population study. Am J Public Health 2000;90:251–7
de Groot M, Jacobson AM, Samson JA, Welch G. Glycemic control and major depression in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Psychosom Res 1999;46:425–35
Lustman PJ, Clouse RE. Treatment of depression in diabetes: impact on mood and medical outcome. J Psychosom Res 2002;53:917–24
Kovacs M, Mukerji P, Drash A, Iyengar S. Biomedical and psychiatric risk factors for retinopathy among children with IDDM. Diabetes Care 1995;18:1592–9
Moskvina V, Farmer A, Swainson V, et al. Interrelationship of childhood trauma, neuroticism, and depressive phenotype. Depress Anxiety 2007;24:163–8
Takii M, Komaki G, Uchigata Y, Maeda M, Omori Y, Kubo C. Differences between bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder in females with type 1 diabetes: the important role of insulin omission. J Psychosom Res 1999;47:221–31
Oldehinkel AJ, Wittchen H-U, Schuster P. Prevalence, 20-month incidence and outcome of unipolar depressive disorders in a community sample of adolescents. Psychol Med 1999;29:655–68
Radloff LS. The CES-D: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1977;1(3):385–401
Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation; 1996
Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001;16(9):606–13
Garner DM, Olmsted MP, Bohr Y, Garfinkel PE. The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med 1982;12:871–8
Johnson C. Diagnostic Survey for Eating Disorders (DSED). In: Johnson C, Connors ME, (eds.). The Etiology and Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa. New York: Basic Books; 1987
Laessle RG, Zoettle C, Pirke KM. Meta-analysis of treatment studies for bulimia. Int J Eat Disord 1987;6:647–54
Weissman MM, Markowitz JC, Klerman GL. Comprehensive Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books; 2000
Agras WS, Walsh T, Fairburn CG, Wilson GT, Kraemer HC. A multicenter comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:459–66
Eisler I, Simic M, Russell GFM, Dare C. A randomised controlled treatment trial of two forms of family therapy in adolescent anorexia nervosa: a five-year follow-up. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007;48:552–60
Work Group on Eating Disorders. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with eating disorders, 3rd edition. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:5–54
Canadian Psychiatric Association. Clinical guidelines for the treatment of depressive disorders. Can J Psychiatry 2001;46:5S–90S
Peveler RC, Fairburn CG. The treatment of bulimia nervosa in patients with diabetes mellitus. Int J Eat Disord 1992;11:45–53
Takii M, Uchigata Y, Komaki G, et al. An integrated inpatient therapy for type 1 diabetic females with bulimia nervosa: a 3-year follow-up study. J Psychosom Res 2003;55:349–56
Olmsted MP, Rodin G, Rydall AC, Lawson ML, Daneman D. The effects of psychoeducation on disturbed eating attitudes and behavior in young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int J Eat Disord 2002;32:230–9
Lustman PJ, Griffith LS, Freedland KE, Clouse RE. The course of major depression in diabetes. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1997;19:138–43
Lustman PJ, Griffith LS, Freedland KE, Kissel SS, Clouse RE. Cognitive behavior therapy for depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:613–21
Lustman PJ, Freedland KE, Griffith LS, Clouse RE. Fluoxetine for depression in diabetes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2000;23:618–23
Williams JW, Katon W, Lin EHB, et al. The effectiveness of depression care management on diabetes-related outcomes in older patients. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:1015–24
Kinder LS, Katon WJ, Ludman E, et al. Improving depression care in patients with diabetes and multiple complications. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21:1036–41
Simon GE, Katon WJ, Lin EHB, et al. Cost-effectiveness of systematic depression treatment among people with diabetes mellitus. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007;64:65–72
Vanina Y, Podolskaya A, Sedky K, et al. Body weight changes associated with psychopharmacology. Psychiatr Serv 2002;53(7):842–7
Papakostas GI. Tolerability of modern antidepressants. J Clin Psychiatry 2008;69(Suppl E1):8–13
McIntyre RS, Soczynska JK, Konarski JZ, Kennedy SH. The effect of antidepressants on lipid homeostasis: a cardiac safety concern? Expert Opin Drug Saf 2006;5(4):523–37
Zimmermann U, Kraus T, Himmerich H, Schuld A, Pollmacher T. Epidemiology, implications and mechanisms underlying drug-induced weight gain in psychiatric patients. J Psychiatr Res 2003;37(3):193–220
McIntyre RS, Soczynska JK, Konarski JZ, Kennedy SH. The effect of antidepressants on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity: synthesis and mechanisms. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2006;5(1):157–68
American Diabetes Association; American Psychiatric Association; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; North American Association for the Study of Obesity. Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. J Clin Psychiatry 2004;65(2):267–72
Newcomer JW, Haupt DW. The metabolic effects of antipsychotic medications. Can J Psychiatry 2006;51(8):480–91
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Colton, P.A., Rodin, G. (2009). Eating Disorders and Depression in Women with Diabetes. In: Tsatsoulis, A., Wyckoff, J., Brown, F. (eds) Diabetes in Women. Contemporary Diabetes. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-250-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-250-6_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-60327-249-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-250-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)