Skip to main content

Epidemiology of Renal Tumors

  • Chapter
  • 781 Accesses

Abstract

Renal parenchymal cancer is the third most common genitourinary malignancy, and over 36,000 Americans are diagnosed with this disease yearly. This chapter discusses the United States and worldwide incidences and mortality rates for renal tumors, presents the specific details for classification of both benign and malignant renal neoplasms, and discusses the adult renal neoplasia syndromes. Data regarding specific risk factors for renal cancer, including family history, tobacco, diet, obesity, physical activity, urinary tract pathology, general medical conditions, occupational exposures, analgesic use, and reproductive factors, are included.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Motzer RJ, Bander NH, Nanus DM. Renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1996;335(12):865–875.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55(1):10–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ries L, Eisner M, Kosary C, et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2002. http://seer.cancer. gov/csr/1975_2002/. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  4. McLaughlin JK, Lipworth L. Epidemiologic aspects of renal cell cancer. Semin Oncol 2000;27(2):115–123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Guinan P, Sobin LH, Algaba F, et al. TNM staging of renal cell carcinoma: Workgroup No. 3. Union International Contre le Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Cancer 1997;80(5):992–993.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Gettman MT, Blute ML, Spotts B, Bryant SC, Zincke H. Pathologic staging of renal cell carcinoma: significance of tumor classification with the 1997 TNM staging system. Cancer 2001;91(2):354–361.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Chow WH, Devesa SS, Warren JL, Fraumeni JF Jr. Rising incidence of renal cell cancer in the United States. JAMA 1999;281(17):1628–1631.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hock LM, Lynch J, Balaji KC. Increasing incidence of all stages of kidney cancer in the last 2 decades in the United States: an analysis of surveillance, epidemiology and end results program data. J Urol 2002;167(1):57–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Marshall FF, Stewart AK, Menck HR. The National Cancer Data Base: report on kidney cancers. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society. Cancer 1997;80(11):2167–2174.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Duchene DA, Lotan Y, Cadeddu JA, Sagalowsky AI, Koeneman KS. Histopathology of surgically managed renal tumors: analysis of a contemporary series. Urology 2003;62(5):827–830.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P, Parkin D. GLOBOCAN 2002: Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide. IARC Cancer Base No.5, version 2.0. IARC Press, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  12. McLaughlin J, Blot W, Devesa S, Fraumeni JF Jr. Renal Cancer. In: Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF Jr, eds. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996:1142–1155.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mellemgaard A, Engholm G, McLaughlin JK, Olsen JH. Risk factors for renal cell carcinoma in Denmark. I. Role of socioeconomic status, tobacco use, beverages, and family history. Cancer Causes Control 1994;5(2):105–113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Schlehofer B, Heuer C, Blettner M, Niehoff D, Wahrendorf J. Occupation, smoking and demographic factors, and renal cell carcinoma in Germany. Int J Epidemiol 1995;24(1):51–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Grawitz P. Die Enstehung von Nierentumoren aus Nebennierengewebe. Arch Klin Chir 1883;30:824.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kovacs G, Akhtar M, Beckwith BJ, et al. The Heidelberg classification of renal cell tumours. J Pathol 1997;183(2):131–133.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Zambrano NR, Lubensky IA, Merino MJ, Linehan WM, Walther MM. Histopathology and molecular genetics of renal tumors toward unification of a classification system. J Urol 1999;162(4):1246–1258.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Storkel S, Eble JN, Adlakha K, et al. Classification of renal cell carcinoma: Workgroup No. 1. Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). Cancer 1997;80(5):987–989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Linehan WM, Lerman MI, Zbar B. Identification of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene. Its role in renal cancer. JAMA 1995;273(7):564–570.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Takahashi M, Kahnoski R, Gross D, Nicol D, Teh BT. Familial adult renal neoplasia. [Review] [60 refs]. J Med Genet 2002;39(1):1–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Davis CJ Jr, Mostofi FK, Sesterhenn IA. Renal medullary carcinoma. The seventh sickle cell nephropathy. Am J Surg Pathol 1995;19(1):1–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Linehan WM, Walther MM, Zbar B. The genetic basis of cancer of the kidney. J Urol 2003;170(6, pt 1): 2163–2172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Poston CD, Jaffe GS, Lubensky IA, et al. Characterization of the renal pathology of a familial form of renal cell carcinoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease: clinical and molecular genetic implications. J Urol 1995;153(1):22–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Neumann HP, Zbar B. Renal cysts, renal cancer and von Hippel-Lindau disease. Kidney Int 1997;51(1):16–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kibel A, Iliopoulos O, DeCaprio JA, Kaelin WG Jr. Binding of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein to Elongin B and C. Science 1995;269(5229):1444–1446.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Cohen AJ, Li FP, Berg S, et al. Hereditary renal-cell carcinoma associated with a chromosomal translocation. N Engl J Med 1979;301(11):592–595.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Gnarra JR, Lerman MI, Zbar B, Linehan WM. Genetics of renal-cell carcinoma and evidence for a critical role for von Hippel-Lindau in renal tumorigenesis. Semin Oncol 1995;22(1):3–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Linehan WM, Vasselli J, Srinivasan R, et al. Genetic basis of cancer of the kidney: disease-specific approaches to therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2004;10(18, pt 2):t–9S.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Weirich G, Glenn G, Junker K, et al. Familial renal oncocytoma: clinicopathological study of 5 families. J Urol 1998;160(2):335–340.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Birt AR, Hogg GR, Dube WJ. Hereditary multiple fibrofolliculomas with trichodiscomas and acrochordons. Arch Dermatol 1977;113(12):1674–1677.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Pavlovich CP, Walther MM, Eyler RA, et al. Renal tumors in the Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26(12):1542–1552.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Pavlovich CP, Walther MM, Eyler RA, et al. Renal tumors in the Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26(12):1542–1552.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Tello R, Blickman JG, Buonomo C, Herrin J. Meta analysis of the relationship between tuberous sclerosis complex and renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Radiol 1998;27(2):131–138.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Malone MJ, Johnson PR, Jumper BM, Howard PJ, Hopkins TB, Libertino JA. Renal angiomyolipoma: 6 case reports and literature review. [Review] [37 refs]. J Urol 1986;135(2):349–353.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Chonko AM, Weiss SM, Stein JH, Ferris TF. Renal involvement in tuberous sclerosis. Am J Med 1974;56(1):124–132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Sampson JR, Patel A, Mee AD. Multifocal renal cell carcinoma in sibs from a chromosome 9 linked (TSC1) tuberous sclerosis family. J Med Genet 1995;32(11):848–850.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Woodard GE, Lin L, Zhang JH, Agarwal SK, Marx SJ, Simonds WF. Parafibromin, product of the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome gene HRPT2, regulates cyclin D1/PRAD1 expression. Oncogene 2005;24(7):1272–1276.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Teh BT, Blennow E, Giraud S, et al. Bilateral multiple renal oncocytomas and cysts associated with a constitutional translocation (8;9)(q24.1;q34.3) and a rare constitutional VHL missense substitution. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1998;21(3):260–264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Mandel JS, McLaughlin JK, Schlehofer B, et al. International renal-cell cancer study. IV. Occupation. Int J Cancer 1995;61(5):601–605.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Lindblad P, Mellemgaard A, Schlehofer B, et al. International renal-cell cancer study. V. Reproductive factors, gynecologic operations and exogenous hormones. Int J Cancer 1995;61(2):192–198.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. McLaughlin JK, Lindblad P, Mellemgaard A, et al. International renal-cell cancer study. I. Tobacco use. Int J Cancer 1995;60(2):194–198.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Mellemgaard A, Lindblad P, Schlehofer B, et al. International renal-cell cancer study. III. Role of weight, height, physical activity, and use of amphetamines. Int J Cancer 1995;60(3):350–354.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. McLaughlin JK, Chow WH, Mandel JS, et al. International renal-cell cancer study. VIII. Role of diuretics, other anti-hypertensive medications and hypertension. Int J Cancer 1995;63(2):216–221.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. McCredie M, Pommer W, McLaughlin JK, et al. International renal-cell cancer study. II. Analgesics. Int J Cancer 1995;60(3):345–349.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Schlehofer B, Pommer W, Mellemgaard A, et al. International renal-cell-cancer study. VI. the role of medical and family history. Int J Cancer 1996;66(6):723–726.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Cohen AJ, Li FP, Berg S, et al. Hereditary renal-cell carcinoma associated with a chromosomal translocation. N Engl J Med 1979;301(11):592–595.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Lynch HT, Walzak MP. Genetics in urogenital cancer. Urol Clin North Am 1980;7(3):815–829.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Bernstein J, Evan AP, Gardner KD, Jr. Epithelial hyperplasia in human polycystic kidney diseases. Its role in pathogenesis and risk of neoplasia. [Review] [100 refs]. Am J Pathol 1987; 129(1):92–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Adult Cigarette Smoking in the United States: Current Estimates. http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/factsheets/AdultCigaretteSmoking_FactSheet.htm. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Benhamou S, Lenfant MH, Ory-Paoletti C, Flamant R. Risk factors for renal-cell carcinoma in a French case-control study. Int J Cancer 1993;55(1):32–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hiatt RA, Tolan K, Quesenberry CP Jr. Renal cell carcinoma and thiazide use: a historical, case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 1994;5(4):319–325.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Hu J, Ugnat AM, Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group. Active and passive smoking and risk of renal cell carcinoma in Canada. Eur J Cancer 2005;41(5):770–778.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kreiger N, Marrett LD, Dodds L, Hilditch S, Darlington GA. Risk factors for renal cell carcinoma: results of a population-based case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 1993;4(2):101–110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. LaVecchia C, Negri E, D’Avanzo B, Franceschi S. Smoking and renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 1990;50(17):5231–5233.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Maclure M, Willett W. A case-control study of diet and risk of renal adenocarcinoma. Epidemiology 1990;1(6):430–440.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. McCredie M, Ford JM, Stewart JH. Risk factors for cancer of the renal parenchyma. Int J Cancer 1988;42(1):13–16.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS, Blot WJ, Schuman LM, Mehl ES, Fraumeni JF Jr. A population-based case-control study of renal cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1984;72(2):275–284.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. McLaughlin JK, Gao YT, Gao RN, et al. Risk factors for renal-cell cancer in Shanghai, China. Int J Cancer 1992;52(4):562–565.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Muscat JE, Hoffmann D, Wynder EL. The epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma. A second look. Cancer 1995;275(10):2552–2557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Sweeney C, Farrow DC. Differential survival related to smoking among patients with renal cell carcinoma. Epidemiology 2000;11(3):344–346.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Talamini R, Baron AE, Barra S, et al. A case-control study of risk factor for renal cell cancer in northern Italy. Cancer Causes Control 1990;1(2):125–131.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Yu MC, Mack TM, Hanisch R, Cicioni C, Henderson BE. Cigarette smoking, obesity, diuretic use, and coffee consumption as risk factors for renal cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1986;77(2):351–356.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Yuan JM, Castelao JE, Gago-Dominguez M, Yu MC, Ross RK. Tobacco use in relation to renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998;7(5):429–433.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Tavani A, La VC. Epidemiology of renal-cell carcinoma. J Nephrol 1997;10(2):93–106.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Parker AS, Cerhan JR, Janney CA, Lynch CF, Cantor KP. Smoking cessation and renal cell carcinoma. Ann Epidemiol 2003;13(4):245–251.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. McLaughlin JK, Hrubec Z, Heineman EF, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF Jr. Renal cancer and cigarette smoking in a 26-year followup of U.S. veterans. Public Health Reports 1990;105(5):535–537.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Hunt JD, van der Hel OL, McMillan GP, Boffetta P, Brennan P. Renal cell carcinoma in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies. Int J Cancer 2005;114(1):101–108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Oh WK, Manola J, Renshaw AA, et al. Smoking and alcohol use may be risk factors for poorer outcome in patients with clear cell renal carcinoma. Urology 2000;55(1):31–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Mellemgaard A, McLaughlin JK, Overvad K, Olsen JH. Dietary risk factors for renal cell carcinoma in Denmark. Eur J Cancer 1996;32A(4):673–682.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Wolk A, Gridley G, Niwa S, et al. International renal cell cancer study. VII. Role of diet. Int J Cancer 1996;65(1):67–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. van Dijk BA, Schouten LJ, Kiemeney LA, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. Relation of height, body mass, energy intake and physical activity to risk of renal cell carcinoma: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2004;160(12):1159–1167.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Hu J, Mao Y, White K, Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group. Diet and vitamin or mineral supplements and risk of renal cell carcinoma in Canada. Cancer Causes Control 2003;14(8):705–714.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Lindblad P, Wolk A, Bergstrom R, Adami HO. Diet and risk of renal cell cancer: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1997;6(4):215–223.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Chow WH, Gridley G, McLaughlin JK, et al. Protein intake and risk of renal cell cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86(15):1131–1139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Parker AS, Cerhan JR, Lynch CF, Ershow AG, Cantor KP. Gender, alcohol consumption, and renal cell carcinoma. Am J Epidemiol 2002;155(5):455–462.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Yuan JM, Gago-Dominguez M, Castelao JE, Hankin JH, Ross RK, Yu MC. Cruciferous vegetables in relation to renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 1998;77(2):211–216.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Rashidkhani B, Lindblad P, Wolk A. Fruits, vegetables and risk of renal cell carcinoma: a prospective study of Swedish women. Int J Cancer 2005;113(3):451–455.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. van Dijk BA, Schouten LJ, Kiemeney LA, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. Vegetable and fruit consumption and risk of renal cell carcinoma: results from the Netherlands cohort study. Int J Cancer 2005;117(4):648–654.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Chow WH, McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS, Wacholder S, Niwa S, Fraumeni JF Jr. Obesity and risk of renal cell cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996;5(1):17–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Shapiro JA, Williams MA, Weiss NS. Body mass index and risk of renal cell carcinoma. Epidemiology 1999;10(2):188–191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Yuan JM, Castelao JE, Gago-Dominguez M, Ross RK, Yu MC. Hypertension, obesity and their medications in relation to renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1998;77(9):1508–1513.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 2003;348(17):1625–1638.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Lindblad P, Wolk A, Bergstrom R, Persson I, Adami HO. The role of obesity and weight fluctuations in the etiology of renal cell cancer: a population-based case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994;3(8):631–639.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Bergstrom A, Terry P, Lindblad P, et al. Physical activity and risk of renal cell cancer. Int J Cancer 2001;92(1):155–157.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Goodman MT, Morgenstern H, Wynder EL. A case-control study of factors affecting the development of renal cell cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124(6):926–941.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Mellemgaard A, Engholm G, McLaughlin JK, Olsen JH. Risk factors for renal-cell carcinoma in Denmark. III. Role of weight, physical activity and reproductive factors. Int J Cancer 1994;56(1):66–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Chow WH, Lindblad P, Gridley G, et al. Risk of urinary tract cancers following kidney or ureter stones. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997;89(19):1453–1457.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Mellemgaard A, Moller H, Jensen OM, Halberg P, Olsen JH. Risk of kidney cancer in analgesics users. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45(9):1021–1024.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Shapiro JA, Williams MA, Weiss NS, Stergachis A, LaCroix AZ, Barlow WE. Hypertension, antihypertensive medication use, and risk of renal cell carcinoma. Am J Epidemiol 1999;149(6):521–530.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Chow WH, Gridley G, Fraumeni JF Jr, Jarvholm B. Obesity, hypertension, and the risk of kidney cancer in men. N Engl J Med 2000;343(18):1305–1311.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Coughlin SS, Neaton JD, Randall B, Sengupta A. Predictors of mortality from kidney cancer in 332.547 men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Cancer 1997;79(11):2171–2177.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Mellemgaard A, Niwa S, Mehl ES, Engholm G, McLaughlin JK, Olsen JH. Risk factors for renal cell carcinoma in Denmark: role of medication and medical history. Int J Epidemiol 1994;23(5):923–930.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Mellemgaard A, Moller H, Olsen JH. Diuretics may increase risk of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Causes Control 1992;3(4):309–312.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Chow WH, McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS, Wacholder S, Niwa S, Fraumeni JF Jr. Risk of renal cell cancer in relation to diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, and hypertension. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995;4(4):327–331.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Grossman E, Messerli FH, Goldbourt U. Does diuretic therapy increase the risk of renal cell carcinoma? Am J Cardiol, 1999;83(7):1090–1093.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Partanen T, Heikkila P, Hernberg S, Kauppinen T, Moneta G, Ojajarvi A. Renal cell cancer and occupational exposure to chemical agents. Scand J Work Environ Health 1991;17(4):231–239.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Gago-Dominguez M, Yuan JM, Castelao JE, Ross RK, Yu MC. Regular use of analgesics is a risk factor for renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1999;81(3):542–548.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. McCredie M, Stewart JH, Day NE. Different roles for phenacetin and paracetamol in cancer of the kidney and renal pelvis. Int J Cancer 1993;53(2):245–249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Rosenberg L, Rao RS, Palmer JR, et al. Transitional cell cancer of the urinary tract and renal cell cancer in relation to acetaminophen use. Cancer Causes Control 1998;9(1):83–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Ronchi E, Pizzocaro G, Miodini P, Piva L, Salvioni R, Di FG. Steroid hormone receptors in normal and malignant human renal tissue: relationship with progestin therapy. J Steroid Biochem 1984;21(3):329–335.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Li JJ, Li SA. Estrogen carcinogenesis in hamster tissues: a critical review. Endocr Rev 1990;11(4):524–531.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Chow WH, McLaughlin JK, Mandel JS, Blot WJ, Niwa S, Fraumeni JF Jr. Reproductive factors and the risk of renal cell cancer among women. Int J Cancer 1995;60(3):321–324.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Lambe M, Lindblad P, Wuu J, Remler R, Hsieh CC. Pregnancy and risk of renal cell cancer: a population-based study in Sweden. Br J Cancer 2002;86(9):1425–1429.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. McLaughlin JK, Malker HS, Blot WJ, et al. Renal cell cancer among architects and allied professionals in Sweden. Am J Ind Med 1992;21(6):873–876.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Delahunt B, Bethwaite PB, Nacey JN. Occupational risk for renal cell carcinoma. A case-control study based on the New Zealand Cancer Registry. Br J Urol 1995;75(5):578–582.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Parent ME, Hua Y, Siemiatycki J. Occupational risk factors for renal cell carcinoma in Montreal. Am J Ind Med 2000;38(6):609–618.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Zhang Y, Cantor KP, Lynch CF, Zheng T. A population-based case-control study of occupation and renal cell carcinoma risk in Iowa. J Occup Environ Med 2004;46(3):235–240.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. McCredie M, Stewart JH. Risk factors for kidney cancer in New South Wales. IV. Occupation. Br J Ind Med 1993;50(4):349–354.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Poole C, Dreyer NA, Satterfield MH, Levin L, Rothman KJ. Kidney cancer and hydrocarbon exposures among petroleum refinery workers. Environ Health Perspect 1993;101(suppl 6):53–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Pesch B, Haerting J, Ranft U, Klimpel A, Oelschlagel B, Schill W. Occupational risk factors for urothelial carcinoma: agent-specific results from a case-control study in Germany. MURC Study Group. Multicenter Urothelial and Renal Cancer. Int J Epidemiol 2000;29(2):238–247.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Mellemgaard A, Engholm G, McLaughlin JK, Olsen JH. Occupational risk factors for renal-cell carcinoma in Denmark. Scand J Work Environ Health 1994;(3):160–165.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Dosemeci M, Cocco P, Chow WH. Gender differences in risk of renal cell carcinoma and occupational exposures to chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Am J Ind Med 1999;36(1):54–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Bruning T, Pesch B, Wiesenhutter B, et al. Renal cell cancer risk and occupational exposure to trichloroethylene: results of a consecutive case-control study in Arnsberg, Germany. Am J Ind Med 2003;43(3):274–285.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Auperin A, Benhamou S, Ory-Paoletti C, Flamant R. Occupational risk factors for renal cell carcinoma: a case-control study. Occup Environ Med 1994;51(6):426–428.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Montgomery, J.S., Wood, D.P. (2008). Epidemiology of Renal Tumors. In: Bukowski, R.M., Novick, A.C. (eds) Clinical Management of Renal Tumors. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-149-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-149-3_5

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-251-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-149-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics