Abstract
Imaging of renal neoplasms is performed with computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound to detect disease, characterize lesions, stage primary renal neoplasms, and provide surgical planning information. Imaging is also used to distinguish between benign and malignant disease and between surgical and nonsurgical disease. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) exams of renal cell carcinoma should be designed to maximize identification of prognostic factors as well as staging features: size, extension outside the renal capsule and fascia, lymphadenopathy, renal vein invasion, and metastatic disease.
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Herts, B.R. (2008). Imaging of Renal Cell Carcinoma. In: Bukowski, R.M., Novick, A.C. (eds) Clinical Management of Renal Tumors. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-149-3_2
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