Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

COPD pp 99–114Cite as

Pharmacological Therapy: Bronchodilators

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 5270 Accesses

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Celli BR, Macnee W (2004) Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper. Eur Respir J 23:932–46

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Fabbri L, Pauwels RA, Hurd SS (2004) Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary updated 2003. COPD 1:105–41

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bellamy D (2004) The NICE COPD guidelines 2004-what are the messages for primary care? Prim Care Respir J 13:84–88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. O Donnell DE, Hernandez P, Aaron S, Bourbeau J, Marciniuk D, Hodder R et al (2003) Canadian thoracic society COPD guidelines: summary of highlights for family doctors. Can Respir J 10:183–85

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Donohue JF (2004) Therapeutic responses in asthma and COPD. Bronchodilators. Chest 126:125S–37S

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Calverley PM, Burge PS, Spencer S, Anderson JA, Jones PW (2003) Bronchodilator reversibility testing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 58:659–64

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hanania NA, Ambrosino N, Calverley P, Cazzola M, Donner CF, Make B (2005) Treatments for COPD. Respir Med 99(Suppl B):S28–S40

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Johnson M, Rennard S (2001) Alternative mechanisms for long-acting beta(2)-adrenergic agonists in COPD. Chest 120:258–70

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hanania NA, Moore RH (2004) Anti-inflammatory activities of β2-agonists. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 3:271–77

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Barnes PJ (2006) Theophylline for COPD. Thorax 61:742–44

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Barnes PJ (2005) Targeting histone deacetylase 2 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 9:1111–21

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Barnes PJ (2005) Theophylline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: new horizons. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2:334–39

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Barnes PJ (2003) Theophylline: new perspectives for an old drug. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167:813–18

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. O Donnell DE, Webb KA (1993) Exertional breathlessness in patients with chronic airflow limitation. The role of lung hyperinflation. Am Rev Respir Dis 148:1351–57

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. O Donnell DE, Lam M, Webb KA (1999) Spirometric correlates of improvement in exercise performance after anticholinergic therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:542–49

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ramirez-Venegas A, Ward J, Lentine T, Mahler DA (1997) Salmeterol reduces dyspnea and improves lung function in patients with COPD. Chest 112:336–40

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Celli B, ZuWallack R, Wang S, Kesten S (2003) Improvement in resting inspiratory capacity and hyperinflation with tiotropium in COPD patients with increased static lung volumes. Chest 124:1743–48

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Niewoehner DE (2006) The impact of severe exacerbations on quality of life and the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Med 119:38–45

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sin DD, McAlister FA, Man SF, Anthonisen NR (2003) Contemporary management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: scientific review. J Am Med Assoc 290:2301–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Niewoehner DE, Rice K, Cote C, Paulson D, Cooper JA Jr, Korducki L et al (2005) Prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tiotropium, a once-daily inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 143:317–26

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Mahler DA, Donohue JF, Barbee RA, Goldman MD, Gross NJ, Wisniewski ME et al (1999) Efficacy of salmeterol xinafoate in the treatment of COPD. Chest 115:957–65

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Barr RG, Bourbeau J, Camargo CA, Ram FS (2006) Tiotropium for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. Thorax 61:854–62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Casaburi R, Mahler DA, Jones PW, Wanner A, San PG, ZuWallack RL et al (2002) A long-term evaluation of once-daily inhaled tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 19:217–24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Vincken W, van Noord JA, Greefhorst AP, Bantje TA, Kesten S, Korducki L et al (2002) Improved health outcomes in patients with COPD during 1 yr s treatment with tiotropium. Eur Respir J 19:209–16

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Tashkin DP, Celli B, Senn S, Burkhart D, Kesten S, Menjoge S et al (2008) A 4-year trial of tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 359:1543–54

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, Ferguson GT, Jenkins C, Jones PW et al (2007) Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 356:775–89

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hanania NA, Sharafkhaneh A, Barber R, Dickey BF (2002) Beta-agonist intrinsic efficacy: measurement and clinical significance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:1353–58

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Lotvall J (2000) Pharmacology of bronchodilators used in the treatment of COPD. Respir Med 94(Suppl E):S6–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Sestini P, Renzoni E, Robinson S, Poole P, Ram FS (2002) Short-acting beta 2 agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001495

    Google Scholar 

  30. Boyd G, Morice AH, Pounsford JC, Siebert M, Peslis N, Crawford C (1997) An evaluation of salmeterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Eur Respir J 10:815–21

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Cazzola M, Matera MG, Santangelo G, Vinciguerra A, Rossi F, D Amato G (1995) Salmeterol and formoterol in partially reversible severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a dose-response study. Respir Med 89:357–62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Hanania NA, Kalberg C, Yates J, Emmett A, Horstman D, Knobil K (2005) The bronchodilator response to salmeterol is maintained with regular, long-term use in patients with COPD. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 18:19–22

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Dahl R, Greefhorst LA, Nowak D, Nonikov V, Byrne AM, Thomson MH et al (2001) Inhaled formoterol dry powder versus ipratropium bromide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:778–84

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Cazzola M, Santus P, Matera MG, Carlucci P, Belloli E, Di MF et al (2003) A single high dose of formoterol is as effective as the same dose administered in a cumulative manner in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. Respir Med 97:458–62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Di MF, Verga M, Santus P, Morelli N, Cazzola M, Centanni S (2006) Effect of formoterol, tiotropium, and their combination in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study. Respir Med 100:1925–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Campbell M, Eliraz A, Johansson G, Tornling G, Nihlen U, Bengtsson T et al (2005) Formoterol for maintenance and as-needed treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med 99:1511–20

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Richter K, Stenglein S, Mucke M, Sieder C, Schmidtmann S, Harnest U et al (2006) Onset and duration of action of formoterol and tiotropium in patients with moderate to severe COPD. Respiration 73:414–19

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Stockley RA, Whitehead PJ, Williams MK (2006) Improved outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with salmeterol compared with placebo/usual therapy: results of a meta-analysis. Respir Res 7:147

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Stockley RA, Chopra N, Rice L (2006) Addition of salmeterol to existing treatment in patients with COPD: a 12 month study. Thorax 61:122–28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Costello J (1999) Prospects for improved therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by the use of levalbuterol. J Allergy Clin Immunol 104:S61–S68

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Truitt T, Witko J, Halpern M (2003) Levalbuterol compared to racemic albuterol: efficacy and outcomes in patients hospitalized with COPD or asthma. Chest 123:128–35

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Arformoterol (2004) (R, R)-eformoterol, (R, R)-formoterol, arformoterol tartrate, eformoterol-sepracor, formoterol-sepracor, R, R-eformoterol, R, R-formoterol. Drugs R D 5:25–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Steinke JW, Baramki D, Borish L (2006) Opposing actions of (R, R)-isomers and (S, S)-isomers of formoterol on T-cell function. J Allergy Clin Immunol 118:963–65

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Hanania NA, Donohue JF, Nelson H, Sciarappa K, Goodwin E, Baumgartner RA, Hanrahan JP (2010). The safety and efficacy of arformoterol and formoterol in COPD. COPD.;7:17–31.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Bennett WD, Almond MA, Zeman KL, Johnson JG, Donohue JF (2006) Effect of salmeterol on mucociliary and cough clearance in chronic bronchitis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 19:96–100

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Barnes NC, Qiu YS, Pavord ID, Parker D, Davis PA, Zhu J et al (2006) Antiinflammatory effects of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate in chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:736–43

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Johnson M (2004) Interactions between corticosteroids and β2-agonists in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 1:200–206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Johnson M (2005) Corticosteroids: potential β2-agonist and anticholinergic interactions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2:320–325

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Sin DD, Johnson M, Gan WQ, Man SF (2004) Combination therapy of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-adrenergics in management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr Pharm Des 10:3547–60

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Hanania NA, Darken P, Horstman D, Reisner C, Lee B, Davis S et al (2003) The efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate (250 microg)/salmeterol (50 microg) combined in the Diskus inhaler for the treatment of COPD. Chest 124:834–43

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Mahler DA, Wire P, Horstman D, Chang CN, Yates J, Fischer T et al (2002) Effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol combination delivered via the Diskus device in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:1084–91

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Calverley P, Pauwels R, Vestbo J, Jones P, Pride N, Gulsvik A et al (2003) Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 361:449–56

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Calverley PM, Boonsawat W, Cseke Z, Zhong N, Peterson S, Olsson H (2003) Maintenance therapy with budesonide and formoterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 22:912–19

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Gross NJ, Co E, Skorodin MS (1989) Cholinergic bronchomotor tone in COPD. Estimates of its amount in comparison with that in normal subjects. Chest 96:984–87

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Gross NJ, Skorodin MS (1984) Role of the parasympathetic system in airway obstruction due to emphysema. N Engl J Med 311:421–25

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. O Connor BJ, Towse LJ, Barnes PJ (1996) Prolonged effect of tiotropium bromide on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154:876–80

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Appleton S, Jones T, Poole P, Pilotto L, Adams R, Lasserson TJ et al (2006) Ipratropium bromide versus long-acting beta-2 agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD006101

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Ayers ML, Mejia R, Ward J, Lentine T, Mahler DA (2001) Effectiveness of salmeterol versus ipratropium bromide on exertional dyspnoea in COPD. Eur Respir J 17:1132–37

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. O Donnell DE, Fluge T, Gerken F, Hamilton A, Webb K, Aguilaniu B et al (2004) Effects of tiotropium on lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance in COPD. Eur Respir J 23:832–40

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Anzueto A, Tashkin D, Menjoge S, Kesten S (2005) One-year analysis of longitudinal changes in spirometry in patients with COPD receiving tiotropium. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 18:75–81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Donohue JF, van Noord JA, Bateman ED, Langley SJ, Lee A, Witek TJ Jr et al (2002) A 6-month, placebo-controlled study comparing lung function and health status changes in COPD patients treated with tiotropium or salmeterol. Chest 122:47–55

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Brusasco V, Hodder R, Miravitlles M, Korducki L, Towse L, Kesten S (2003) Health outcomes following treatment for six months with once daily tiotropium compared with twice daily salmeterol in patients with COPD. Thorax 58:399–404

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Briggs DD Jr, Covelli H, Lapidus R, Bhattycharya S, Kesten S, Cassino C (2005) Improved daytime spirometric efficacy of tiotropium compared with salmeterol in patients with COPD. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 18:397–404

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Belmonte KE (2005) Cholinergic pathways in the lungs and anticholinergic therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2:297–304

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Profita M, Giorgi RD, Sala A, Bonanno A, Riccobono L, Mirabella F et al (2005) Muscarinic receptors, leukotriene B4 production and neutrophilic inflammation in COPD patients. Allergy 60:1361–69

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Cazzola M, Gabriella MM (2006) The additive effect of theophylline on a combination of formoterol and tiotropium in stable COPD: a pilot study. Respir Med 101:957–962

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Man GC, Champman KR, Ali SH, Darke AC (1996) Sleep quality and nocturnal respiratory function with once-daily theophylline (Uniphyl) and inhaled salbutamol in patients with COPD. Chest 110:648–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. COMBIVENT Inhalation Aerosol Study Group (1994) In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a combination of ipratropium and albuterol is more effective than either agent alone. An 85-day multicenter trial. Chest 105:1411–1419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. D Urzo AD, De Salvo MC, Ramirez-Rivera A, Almeida J, Sichletidis L, Rapatz G et al (2001) In patients with COPD, treatment with a combination of formoterol and ipratropium is more effective than a combination of salbutamol and ipratropium: a 3-week, randomized, double-blind, within-patient, multicenter study. Chest 119:1347–56

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. van Noord JA, de Munck DR, Bantje TA, Hop WC, Akveld ML, Bommer AM (2000) Long-term treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with salmeterol and the additive effect of ipratropium. Eur Respir J 15:878–85

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. ZuWallack RL, Mahler DA, Reilly D, Church N, Emmett A, Rickard K et al (2001) Salmeterol plus theophylline combination therapy in the treatment of COPD. Chest 119:1661–70

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Cazzola M, Di MF, Santus P, Boveri B, Verga M, Matera MG et al (2004) The pharmacodynamic effects of single inhaled doses of formoterol, tiotropium and their combination in patients with COPD. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 17:35–39

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. van Noord JA, Aumann JL, Janssens E, Smeets JJ, Verhaert J, Disse B et al (2005) Comparison of tiotropium once daily, formoterol twice daily and both combined once daily in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J 26:214–22

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. van Noord JA, Aumann JL, Janssens E, Verhaert J, Smeets JJ, Mueller A et al (2006) Effects of tiotropium with and without formoterol on airflow obstruction and resting hyperinflation in patients with COPD. Chest 129:509–17

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Cazzola M, Dahl R (2004) Inhaled combination therapy with long-acting beta 2-agonists and corticosteroids in stable COPD. Chest 126:220–237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Donohue JF, Kalberg C, Emmett A, Merchant K, Knobil K (2004) A short-term comparison of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol with ipratropium bromide/albuterol for the treatment of COPD. Treat Respir Med 3:173–81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Make B, Hanania NA, ZuWallack R, Kalberg C, Emmett A, Brown CP et al (2005) The efficacy and safety of inhaled fluticasone propionate/salmeterol and ipratropium/albuterol for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an eight-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study. Clin Ther 27:531–42

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Aaron SD, Vandemheen KL, Fergusson D, Maltais F, Bourbeau J, Goldstein R et al (2007) Tiotropium in combination with placebo, salmeterol, or fluticasone-salmeterol for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 146:545–55

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Welte T, Miravitlles M, Hernandez P, Eriksson G, Peterson S, Polanowski T et al (2009) Efficacy and tolerability of budesonide/formoterol added to tiotropium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180:741–50

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Melani AS, Zanchetta D, Barbato N, Sestini P, Cinti C, Canessa PA et al (2004) Inhalation technique and variables associated with misuse of conventional metered-dose inhalers and newer dry powder inhalers in experienced adults. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 93:439–46

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Goodman DE, Israel E, Rosenberg M, Johnston R, Weiss ST, Drazen JM (1994) The influence of age, diagnosis, and gender on proper use of metered-dose inhalers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:1256–61

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Geller DE (2005) Comparing clinical features of the nebulizer, metered-dose inhaler, and dry powder inhaler. Respir Care 50:1313–21

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Barta SK, Crawford A, Roberts CM (2002) Survey of patients’ views of domiciliary nebuliser treatment for chronic lung disease. Respir Med 96:375–81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Dhand R (2002) Nebulizers that use a vibrating mesh or plate with multiple apertures to generate aerosol. Respir Care 47:1406–16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Dolovich MB, Ahrens RC, Hess DR, Anderson P, Dhand R, Rau JL et al (2005) Device selection and outcomes of aerosol therapy: evidence-based guidelines: American College of Chest Physicians/American College of Asthma, Allergy, and Immunology. Chest 127:335–71

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Nelson HS, Weiss ST, Bleecker ER, Yancey SW, Dorinsky PM (2006) The salmeterol multicenter asthma research trial: a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol. Chest 129:15–26

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Salpeter SR (2004) Cardiovascular safety of beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist use in patients with obstructive airway disease: a systematic review. Drugs Aging 21:405–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Ferguson GT, Funck-Brentano C, Fischer T, Darken P, Reisner C (2003) Cardiovascular safety of salmeterol in COPD. Chest 123:1817–24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Rodrigo GJ, Nannini LJ, Rodriguez-Roisin R (2008) Safety of long-acting beta-agonists in stable COPD: a systematic review. Chest 133:1079–87

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Donohue JF, Menjoge S, Kesten S (2003) Tolerance to bronchodilating effects of salmeterol in COPD. Respir Med 97:1014–20

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Cazzola M, Matera MG, Donner CF (2005) Inhaled β2-adrenoceptor agonists: cardiovascular safety in patients with obstructive lung disease. Drugs 65:1595–610

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Celli B, Decramer M, Leimer I, Vogel U, Kesten S, Tashkin DP (2010) Cardiovascular safety of tiotropium in patients with COPD. Chest 137:20–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Barnes PJ (1997) Current therapies for asthma. Promise and limitations. Chest 111:17S–26S

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Cazzola M, Matera MG (2009) Emerging inhaled bronchodilators: an update. Eur Respir J 34:757–69

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Cazzola M, Matera MG, Lotvall J (2005) Ultra long-acting beta 2-agonists in development for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 14:775–83

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Calverley PM, Rabe KF, Goehring UM, Kristiansen S, Fabbri LM, Martinez FJ (2009) Roflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials. Lancet 374:685–94

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Fabbri LM, Calverley PM, Izquierdo-Alonso JL, Bundschuh DS, Brose M, Martinez FJ et al (2009) Roflumilast in moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with longacting bronchodilators: two randomised clinical trials. Lancet 374:695–703

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Nicola A. Hanania

  2. Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Mario Cazzola

Authors
  1. Nicola A. Hanania
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mario Cazzola
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care M, Baylor College of Medicine, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA

    Nicola A. Hanania

  2. Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 2002 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, 77030, Texas, USA

    Amir Sharafkhaneh

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hanania, N.A., Cazzola, M. (2011). Pharmacological Therapy: Bronchodilators. In: Hanania, N., Sharafkhaneh, A. (eds) COPD. Respiratory Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-357-8_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-357-8_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-949-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-357-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation