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Computed Tomography of Pediatric Small Airways Disease

  • Chapter
CT of the Airways

Part of the book series: Contemporary Medical Imaging ((CMI))

Summary

Imaging small airways disease in children differs from imaging adults. The lungs are morphologically different with smaller peripheral airways and thicker airway walls. Lung development continues after birth with new alveoli developing until 3–6 years of age. Imaging techniques need to be optimized for smaller patients who often cannot follow instructions. High-resolution CT is the imaging modality of choice, and expiratory images are very important in identifying the air trapping that characterized many of the pediatric small airways diseases. Children are more radiation sensitive than adults, and radiation dose is an important consideration when determining CT technique. Pediatric small airways disease includes a broad range of disorders. Asthma and acute bronchiolitis are common pediatric diseases that rarely require imaging other than chest radiographs. Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) and neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) are best evaluated with HRCT and have imaging appearances that strongly suggest the specific diagnosis. In follicular bronchiolitis, there are less data available in children than in adults, and the imaging appearance is less well characterized. Many of the diseases seen in children are also seen in adults, but the appearance may differ. BO organizing pneumonia has a nodular appearance more often in children than in adults. NEHI is only seen in the pediatric population. Optimizing the examination for children and familiarity with the disorders that affect children allows the best imaging care in pediatric small airways disease.

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  1. Alan S. Brody
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

    Phillip M. Boiselle MD

  2. Department of Radiology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO

    David A. Lynch MB

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Brody, A.S. (2008). Computed Tomography of Pediatric Small Airways Disease. In: Boiselle, P.M., Lynch, D.A. (eds) CT of the Airways. Contemporary Medical Imaging. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-139-0_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-139-0_16

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